Print Deck - MCQ 3-Column

ID: REF-0101 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which is the largest part of the human brain ?

A. A: Medulla Oblongata

B. B: Cerebellum

C. C: Cerebellum

D. D: none of them

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Cerebellum ] Remark:Explanation: The Cerebrum forms about 80% of the total brain mass. It is divided into two hemispheres and is responsible for higher brain functions such as thought, action, reasoning, and emotion. The Cerebellum lies below it and controls coordination and balance, while the Medulla oblongata manages vital involuntary functions.

ID: REF-0102 LEVEL: A1

Q: Sodium stearate is a salt and is used?

A. A: in gunpowder

B. B: in Paint

C. C: to make Soap

D. D: to make fertilizer

KEY: Correct Option: C [ to make Soap ] Remark:

ID: REF-0103 LEVEL: A1

Q: Sound waves having frequency less than 20 Hz are called __________ waves.

A. A: Intelligent

B. B: Inferior

C. C: Infrasonic

D. D: Instrumental

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Infrasonic ] Remark:Explanation: Sound waves with frequencies below 20 Hz are called infrasonic waves. These waves are inaudible to the human ear but can be produced by natural phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and ocean waves.

ID: REF-0104 LEVEL: A1

Q: Seismology is the science of :

A. A: Atmosphere

B. B: Earthquake

C. C: Fossil

D. D: Silkworm breeding

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Earthquake ] Remark:Explanation: Seismology is the branch of geophysics that deals with the study of earthquakes and the propagation of seismic waves through the Earth. Scientists who study earthquakes are called seismologists. Seismology helps in understanding the origin, intensity, and effects of earthquakes, as well as the internal structure of the Earth. The intensity of an earthquake is measured using instruments like the seismograph and scales such as the Richter scale or Moment Magnitude scale.

ID: REF-0105 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which one of the following is not an electromagnetic wave?

A. A: Radio wave

B. B: X-ray

C. C: Visible light

D. D: Sound wave

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Sound wave ] Remark:Explanation: Sound waves are not electromagnetic waves; they are mechanical waves that require a material medium (like air, water, or solids) for propagation. In contrast, radio waves, X-rays, and visible light are electromagnetic waves that can travel through a vacuum.

ID: REF-0106 LEVEL: A1

Q: Restarting of computer that is already on is referred to as:

A. A: Cold booting

B. B: Logging off

C. C: Shut down

D. D: Warm booting

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Warm booting ] Remark: A warm boot refers to the process of restarting a computer system without completely shutting down the power.

ID: REF-0107 LEVEL: A1

Q: White lung disease is prevalent among the workers of:

A. A: paper industry

B. B: cement industry

C. C: cotton industry

D. D: pesticide industry

KEY: Correct Option: B [ cement industry ] Remark:Explanation: White lung disease, scientifically known as byssinosis, is an occupational lung disorder caused by prolonged inhalation of cotton dust in textile and cotton processing industries. The inhaled dust irritates the airways, leading to symptoms such as chest tightness, cough, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Long-term exposure can result in chronic bronchitis and reduced lung capacity. Preventive Measures: Proper ventilation and dust control in textile mills Use of protective masks by workers Regular health check-ups and dust monitoring

ID: REF-0108 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which kind of lens is used in microscope ?

A. A: Convex

B. B: Concave

C. C: Biconvex and concave

D. D: Biconcave

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Convex ] Remark:Explanation: A microscope uses a system of convex lenses to magnify very small objects. Convex lenses, also known as converging lenses, bend light rays inward to a focal point, creating an enlarged and clear image of the specimen. A compound microscope typically contains two sets of convex lenses — the objective lens (near the specimen) and the eyepiece lens (near the observer’s eye). The objective lens forms a real, inverted, and magnified image, which is then further magnified by the eyepiece to produce a large virtual image.

ID: REF-0109 LEVEL: A1

Q: All biological reaction in a living organism come under

A. A: Anabolism

B. B: Catabolism

C. C: Metabolism

D. D: Metamorphosis

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Metabolism ] Remark:"Metabolism" involves two main categories of reactions: 1.Catabolism: This is the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones. 2. Anabolism: This is the synthesis of larger molecules from smaller ones.

ID: REF-0110 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which gas in its solid state is also known as dry ice?

A. A: Nitrogen

B. B: Carbon dioxide

C. C: Oxygen

D. D: Hydrogen

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Carbon dioxide ] Remark:

ID: REF-0111 LEVEL: A1

Q: Alcohol contains :

A. A: nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen

B. B: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

C. C: oxygen, carbon, nitrogen

D. D: hydrogen, chlorine, oxygen

KEY: Correct Option: B [ carbon, hydrogen, oxygen ] Remark:Explanation: Alcohols are organic compounds composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O). They are characterized by the presence of one or more hydroxyl (-OH) functional groups attached to a carbon atom. The general formula of alcohols is CnH2n+1OH. A common example is ethanol (C₂H₅OH), which is used in beverages, fuels, and sanitizers. The -OH group makes alcohols polar, soluble in water (especially lower alcohols), and reactive in many organic reactions.

ID: REF-0112 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following computer language is used for artificial intelligence?

A. A: FORTRAN

B. B: COBOL

C. C: INDEXING

D. D: PROLOG

KEY: Correct Option: D [ PROLOG ] Remark:Explanation: PROLOG (Programming in Logic) is a high-level programming language widely used in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and computational linguistics. It is based on formal logic and is especially useful for solving problems involving pattern matching, rule-based reasoning, and natural language processing.

ID: REF-0113 LEVEL: A1

Q: The digested food is absorbed in

A. A: Stomach

B. B: Intestine (small)

C. C: Intestine (large)

D. D: Colon

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Intestine (small) ] Remark:Explanation: The small intestine is the primary site of absorption of digested food. Its inner lining has numerous tiny finger-like projections called villi and microvilli that greatly increase the surface area for absorption. Nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals pass into the blood and lymph through these structures. The large intestine mainly absorbs water and fo

ID: REF-0114 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which wave is being used by common TV remote control ?

A. A: Radio waves

B. B: Micro waves

C. C: Infrared waves

D. D: Ultrasonic waves

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Infrared waves ] Remark:

ID: REF-0115 LEVEL: A1

Q: India's first supercomputer is known as:

A. A: SAGA

B. B: PARAM 8000

C. C: EKA

D. D: PARAM YUVA

KEY: Correct Option: B [ PARAM 8000 ] Remark:Explanation: PARAM 8000 is India's first supercomputer, developed in 1991 by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) under the leadership of Dr. Vijay Bhatkar. It marked India’s entry into high-performance computing and was capable of 1 GigaFLOP (one billion calculations per second).

ID: REF-0116 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which pigment gives pale yellow color to urine?

A. A: Erithromycin

B. B: Amoxylin

C. C: Urochronie

D. D: Unicom

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Urochronie ] Remark:Explanation: The pale yellow color of normal human urine is due to the presence of a pigment called Urochrome. It is produced from the breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood cells. The intensity of the color depends on the concentration of the urine — darker yellow indicates concentrated urine, while very pale or colorless urine suggests dilution due to high water intake.

ID: REF-0117 LEVEL: A1

Q: Mesons are found in

A. A: Laser beam

B. B: X-ray

C. C: Gamma rays

D. D: Cosmic rays

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Cosmic rays ] Remark:Explanation: Mesons are subatomic particles found in cosmic rays. They are unstable particles composed of one quark and one antiquark, making them part of the hadron family. Mesons are produced when high-energy cosmic rays from outer space collide with atoms in the Earth's atmosphere. These collisions generate a variety of secondary particles, including pions and kaons (types of mesons). Mesons have very short lifespans and quickly decay into other particles such as muons and neutrinos.

ID: REF-0118 LEVEL: A1

Q: In which part of the human body carpal bones are found ?

A. A: Wrist

B. B: Femur

C. C: Neck

D. D: None of these

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Wrist ] Remark:Explanation: Carpal bones are the eight small bones that make up the wrist (also known as the carpus) in the human skeletal system. These bones are arranged in two rows — a proximal row (closer to the forearm) and a distal row (closer to the hand). They connect the bones of the forearm (radius and ulna) to the bones of the hand (metacarpals) and allow for the flexibility and movement of the wrist. The carpals are essential for various hand motions like bending, rotation, and gripping.

ID: REF-0119 LEVEL: A1

Q: A transformer is used to :

A. A: Increase or decrease D.C voltage

B. B: Increase or decrease A.C voltage

C. C: Convert A.C to D.C

D. D: Convert D.C into A.C

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Increase or decrease A.C voltage ] Remark:Explanation: A transformer is an electrical device used to increase (step-up) or decrease (step-down) the voltage of alternating current (A.C.). It works on the principle of electromagnetic induction and functions only with A.C., not with D.C. A transformer consists of two coils—primary and secondary—wound around a soft iron core. The voltage ratio between these coils depends on the number of turns in each winding. Transformers are used in power transmission, distribution, and electronic devices to regulate voltage levels efficiently.

ID: REF-0120 LEVEL: A1

Q: A solar eclipse occurs when the :

A. A: earth comes between the Sun and the Moon

B. B: Sun comes between the earth and the moon

C. C: Moon is at right angle to the earth

D. D: Moon comes between the Sun and the Earth

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Moon comes between the Sun and the Earth ] Remark:Explanation: A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon comes between the Sun and the Earth and casts its shadow on the Earth. This happens during the new moon phase, when all three celestial bodies are almost in a straight line. Depending on the alignment, the eclipse can be total (Sun completely covered), partial (Sun partially covered), or annular (ring-shaped Sun visible). During this event, sunlight is blocked for a short time in specific areas of the Earth’s surface.

ID: REF-0121 LEVEL: A1

Q: The sun is seen before the actual sunrise because of:

A. A: refection

B. B: refraction

C. C: scattering of light

D. D: rectilinear propagation of light

KEY: Correct Option: B [ refraction ] Remark:Explanation: The Sun is seen a few minutes before actual sunrise and after actual sunset due to the refraction of light by the Earth's atmosphere. The atmosphere bends the Sun’s rays towards the Earth, making the Sun appear slightly above the horizon even when it is below it.

ID: REF-0122 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following is the best conductor of heat ?

A. A: mercury

B. B: silver

C. C: leather

D. D: benzene

KEY: Correct Option: B [ silver ] Remark:Silver is the best conductor of heat among the given options. It efficiently transfers heat due to the presence of free electrons that move easily within its metallic structure. Because of this property, silver is used in high-quality thermal equipment and electrical contacts.Mercury: A metal but conducts heat less effectively than silver.Leather and Benzene: Poor conductors of heat (insulators).

ID: REF-0123 LEVEL: A1

Q: Chiropterochory is a seed dispersal process through

A. A: Birds

B. B: Bats

C. C: Reptiles

D. D: Insects

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Bats ] Remark:Explanation: Chiropterochory comes from the Greek words “chiroptera” (bats) and “chorein” (to spread). It refers to the dispersal of seeds by fruit bats or flying foxes, which feed on fruits and later excrete or drop the seeds away from the parent plant. This process helps in plant reproduction and maintaining forest diversity. Common examples include dispersal of seeds of guava, fig, and

ID: REF-0124 LEVEL: A1

Q: Average distance of the earth from the Sun is:

A. A: 150 Million km

B. B: 15 Million km

C. C: 90 Million km

D. D: 900 Million km

KEY: Correct Option: A [ 150 Million km ] Remark:The average distance between the Earth and the Sun is approximately 150 million kilometers (or about 1 Astronomical Unit – 1 AU). This distance serves as a standard unit of measurement for describing distances within our solar system. Despite slight variations due to Earth's elliptical orbit, this average remains nearly constant and is crucial for maintaining suitable conditions for life on Earth. Other options (for context) 15 Million km: Far too close — the Earth would be extremely hot and uninhabitable. 90 Million km: Shorter than the actual average distance. 900 Million km: Much greater — about six times the real distance, closer to Saturn’s orbit.

ID: REF-0125 LEVEL: A1

Q: The stars twinkle at night because:

A. A: they emit energy

B. B: of diffraction

C. C: of refraction

D. D: of reflection

KEY: Correct Option: C [ of refraction ] Remark:Explanation: Stars appear to twinkle at night due to the refraction of light by the Earth's atmosphere. As starlight passes through different layers of air with varying densities, its path bends continuously, causing the light’s intensity and position to appear to change, creating the twinkling effect.

ID: REF-0126 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which is an example of pollution-free energy?

A. A: Coal

B. B: Wind energy

C. C: Mineral oil

D. D: None of these

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Wind energy ] Remark:Explanation: Wind energy is a clean and renewable source of energy that does not cause environmental pollution. It is generated by converting the kinetic energy of moving air into mechanical or electrical energy using wind turbines. Unlike fossil fuels such as coal or mineral oil, wind energy does not release carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, or other greenhouse gases. It is, therefore, a pollution-free and sustainable source of power, widely used for electricity generation in wind farms.

ID: REF-0127 LEVEL: A1

Q: The rusting of the iron is the example of:

A. A: Oxidation

B. B: Reduction

C. C: Polymerisation

D. D: Galvanization

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Oxidation ] Remark:Explanation: The rusting of iron is an example of oxidation. When iron reacts with oxygen and moisture from the air, it forms hydrated ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃·xH₂O), commonly known as rust. This process involves the loss of electrons by iron, which is a characteristic feature of oxidation.

ID: REF-0128 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following is a communicable disease?

A. A: Measles

B. B: Scurvy

C. C: Asthma

D. D: Diabetes

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Measles ] Remark:Explanation: Measles is a highly contagious viral disease caused by the measles virus (a member of the Paramyxovirus group). It spreads through droplets released when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Symptoms include fever, cough, rash, and watery eyes. Other diseases listed — scurvy, asthma, and diabetes — are non-communicable as they do not spread from person to person.

ID: REF-0129 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following contains maximum carbon dioxide ?

A. A: Grasslands

B. B: Forests

C. C: Oceans

D. D: Agroecosystems

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Oceans ] Remark:Explanation: Oceans contain the maximum amount of carbon dioxide (CO₂) on Earth. They act as the largest carbon sink, absorbing CO₂ from the atmosphere and storing it in dissolved form or as carbonates. This helps regulate the global carbon cycle and maintain atmospheric balance.

ID: REF-0130 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which one of the following sets of Elements was primarily responsible for the origin of life on the earth?

A. A: Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon, Sodium

B. B: Oxygen, Carbon, Calcium, Phosphorus

C. C: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

D. D: Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Potassium

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen ] Remark:Explanation: The elements Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), and Nitrogen (N) — collectively known as CHON — were primarily responsible for the origin of life on Earth. These elements are the basic building blocks of all biological molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. Early Earth's atmosphere contained these elements in gaseous forms (like CH₄, NH₃, H₂, and H₂O), which combined under lightning and UV radiation to form simple organic compounds — a process explained by the Miller–Urey experiment.

ID: REF-0131 LEVEL: A1

Q: The weight of a body at the centre of the earth is:

A. A: zero

B. B: infinite

C. C: same as at other places

D. D: none of these

KEY: Correct Option: A [ zero ] Remark:Explanation: The weight of a body at the centre of the Earth is zero because the gravitational forces from all directions cancel each other out. Although the body still has mass, it experiences no gravitational pull, resulting in zero weight.

ID: REF-0132 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which micro-organism is responsible for disease Mumps

A. A: Bacteria

B. B: Virus

C. C: Protozoa

D. D: none of these

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Virus ] Remark:Explanation: Mumps is a contagious viral disease caused by the mumps virus, a member of the Paramyxoviridae family (genus Rubulavirus). It primarily affects the salivary glands, especially the parotid glands, leading to painful swelling near the cheeks and jawline. Mode of Transmission: The infection spreads through respiratory droplets or direct contact with saliva from an infected person. Symptoms: Swelling and pain in the parotid glands (below the ears) Fever and headache Muscle pain and fatigue Difficulty in chewing or swallowing Prevention: Mumps can be effectively prevented by the MMR vaccine (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella vaccine).

ID: REF-0133 LEVEL: A1

Q: The function of Kidney is to:

A. A: Purify blood

B. B: Fight against infection

C. C: Digest the food

D. D: None of these

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Purify blood ] Remark:Explanation: The main function of the kidneys is to purify blood by removing waste products, excess salts, and extra water from the body in the form of urine. Each kidney contains about one million nephrons, which are the structural and functional units responsible for blood filtration. The kidneys also help in maintaining the acid-base balance, water balance, and blood pressure, and play a role in hormone secretion such as erythropoietin (for RBC production).

ID: REF-0134 LEVEL: A1

Q: Nitrogen is an essential constituent of all:

A. A: Carbohydrates

B. B: Fats

C. C: Proteins

D. D: Vitamins

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Proteins ] Remark:Explanation: Proteins are complex organic compounds composed of smaller units called amino acids. Each amino acid contains an amino group (–NH₂), which contributes nitrogen to the molecular structure. This makes nitrogen an essential element in all proteins. Carbohydrates and fats lack nitrogen, while only some vitamins contain it.

ID: REF-0135 LEVEL: A1

Q: The sun is seen before the actual sunrise because of:

A. A: refection

B. B: refraction

C. C: scattering of light

D. D: rectilinear propagation of light

KEY: Correct Option: B [ refraction ] Remark:Explanation: The Sun is seen a few minutes before actual sunrise and after actual sunset due to the refraction of light by the Earth's atmosphere. The atmosphere bends the Sun’s rays towards the Earth, making the Sun appear slightly above the horizon even when it is below it.

ID: REF-0136 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following pairs is incorrect ? (A) Roentgen : X-ray (B) Newton : Law of gravitation (C) Faraday : Diffusion of gases (D) Pasteur : Bacteriology

A. A: Roentgen : X-ray

B. B: Newton : Law of gravitation

C. C: Faraday : Diffusion of gases

D. D: Pasteur : Bacteriology

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Faraday : Diffusion of gases ] Remark:Explanation: The incorrect pair is Faraday : Diffusion of gases. The diffusion of gases was studied and explained by Thomas Graham, not by Michael Faraday. Graham’s Law states that the rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its density or molar mass. On the other hand, Michael Faraday is famous for his work on electromagnetism and electrolysis. The other pairs are correctly matched with their discoveries.

ID: REF-0137 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following is a non metal that remains liquid at room temperature?

A. A: Phosphorous

B. B: Bromine

C. C: Chlorine

D. D: Helium

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Bromine ] Remark:

ID: REF-0138 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following is a vector?

A. A: Mass

B. B: Volume

C. C: Speed

D. D: Velocity

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Velocity ] Remark:Velocity is a vector quantity because it has both magnitude and direction. It represents the rate of change of displacement of an object. Unlike speed, which only tells how fast an object is moving, velocity also indicates the direction of motion. Other options (for context) Mass: A scalar quantity — it has magnitude only, no direction. Volume: Scalar — represents space occupied by matter, without direction. Speed: Scalar — measures how fast an object moves but not in which direction.

ID: REF-0139 LEVEL: A1

Q: One kilometre is equal to how many miles?

A. A: 0.84

B. B: 0.5

C. C: 1.6

D. D: 0.62

KEY: Correct Option: D [ 0.62 ] Remark:

ID: REF-0140 LEVEL: A1

Q: Metals can be beaten into sheets, because:

A. A: they are ductile

B. B: they are soft

C. C: they are malleable

D. D: the metal particles are loosely arranged

KEY: Correct Option: C [ they are malleable ] Remark:Metals can be beaten into thin sheets because they are malleable. Malleability is a physical property of metals that allows them to withstand hammering or rolling without breaking. This property is due to the metallic bonding where positive metal ions are surrounded by a ‘sea’ of delocalized electrons, allowing the layers of atoms to slide over each other without breaking the bond. Examples of highly malleable metals include gold, silver, and aluminium. Other options (for context) Ductile: Refers to the ability of metals to be drawn into wires, not beaten into sheets. Soft: Not true for all metals — many are hard yet malleable. Loosely arranged particles: Incorrect — metal atoms are closely packed in a lattice structure.

ID: REF-0141 LEVEL: A1

Q: How much time the light from Sun takes to reach the Earth ?

A. A: 2 minutes

B. B: 4 minutes

C. C: 8 minutes

D. D: 12 minutes

KEY: Correct Option: C [ 8 minutes ] Remark:Explanation: Light from the Sun takes approximately 8 minutes and 20 seconds to reach the Earth. The average distance between the Earth and the Sun is about 149.6 million kilometers (1 Astronomical Unit). Since light travels at a speed of 3 × 108 meters per second in a vacuum, it covers this distance in roughly eight minutes. This means that when we see sunlight, we are actually seeing it as it was about eight minutes earlier.

ID: REF-0142 LEVEL: A1

Q: Time during which a job is processed by the computer is:

A. A: Delay time

B. B: Real time

C. C: Down time

D. D: Execution time

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Execution time ] Remark:Explanation: Execution time is the period during which a job or program is actively processed by the computer’s CPU. It refers to the actual time taken to execute instructions, excluding waiting or idle times such as input/output delays or queue time.

ID: REF-0143 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which gas is used as fire extinguisher?

A. A: Nitrogen dioxide

B. B: Carbon monoxide

C. C: Carbon dioxide

D. D: Nitrous oxide

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Carbon dioxide ] Remark:Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is commonly used as a fire extinguisher gas. It works by displacing oxygen around the fire and forming a blanket of gas that cuts off the oxygen supply, thereby stopping the combustion process. Additionally, CO₂ is non-flammable and leaves no residue, making it ideal for use on electrical and electronic fires where water cannot be used safely. Other options (for context) Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂): A toxic gas, not suitable for firefighting. Carbon monoxide (CO): A poisonous gas produced by incomplete combustion, not used in extinguishers. Nitrous oxide (N₂O): Commonly known as laughing gas, used as an anesthetic, not a fire suppressant.

ID: REF-0144 LEVEL: A1

Q: Aurora Borealis is a light phenomenon seen at night in the:

A. A: Northern hemisphere

B. B: Equatorial region

C. C: Barmunda Triangle region

D. D: None of these

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Northern hemisphere ] Remark:Explanation: Aurora Borealis, also known as the Northern Lights, is a natural light phenomenon visible mainly in the northern hemisphere, near the Arctic regions. It occurs when charged particles from the solar wind interact with gases like oxygen and nitrogen in the Earth's upper atmosphere (ionosphere). These collisions release energy in the form of colorful lights, usually green, pink, red, or violet. A similar phenomenon in the southern hemisphere is called the Aurora Australis or Southern Lights.

ID: REF-0145 LEVEL: A1

Q: A vitamin requires cobalt for its activity. The vitamin is:

A. A: Vitamin B12

B. B: vitamin D

C. C: vitamin B2

D. D: Vitamin A

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Vitamin B12 ] Remark:Explanation: Vitamin B12, also known as Cobalamin, is the only vitamin that contains a metal ion — cobalt (Co) — at its core. It plays a crucial role in red blood cell formation, DNA synthesis, and proper nervous system function. Deficiency of Vitamin B12 leads to pernicious anemia and neurological disorders. It is found mainly in animal-based foods such as meat, eggs, milk, and fish, and is synthesized by certain bacteria.

ID: REF-0146 LEVEL: A1

Q: The pH of human blood is:

A. A: 7.2

B. B: 7.8

C. C: 6.6

D. D: 7.4

KEY: Correct Option: D [ 7.4 ] Remark:Explanation: Human blood is maintained at a slightly alkaline pH of 7.4 (range 7.35–7.45). This balance is vital for the proper functioning of enzymes and biochemical reactions in the body. The buffer systems in blood — primarily the bicarbonate buffer system (H₂CO₃ / HCO₃⁻) — help maintain this stable pH. A small deviation from this range can lead to severe physiological disturbances. Imbalances: Acidosis: pH below 7.35 — causes drowsiness, confusion, and respiratory distress. Alkalosis: pH above 7.45 — causes muscle twitching, irritability, and convulsions.

ID: REF-0147 LEVEL: A1

Q: Junk e-mail is also called:

A. A: spam

B. B: spoof

C. C: sniffer script

D. D: spool

KEY: Correct Option: A [ spam ] Remark:Explanation: Unwanted or unsolicited e-mails sent in bulk are called spam. These messages often contain advertisements, phishing links, or malware. They clutter inboxes and can pose security risks. The term “spam” originated from a comedy sketch by Monty Python, where the word was repeatedly used, much like unwanted messages.

ID: REF-0148 LEVEL: A1

Q: White lung disease is prevalent among the workers of:

A. A: paper industry

B. B: cement industry

C. C: cotton industry

D. D: pesticide industry

KEY: Correct Option: B [ cement industry ] Remark:Explanation: White lung disease, scientifically known as byssinosis, is an occupational lung disorder caused by prolonged inhalation of cotton dust in textile and cotton processing industries. The inhaled dust irritates the airways, leading to symptoms such as chest tightness, cough, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Long-term exposure can result in chronic bronchitis and reduced lung capacity. Preventive Measures: Proper ventilation and dust control in textile mills Use of protective masks by workers Regular health check-ups and dust monitoring

ID: REF-0149 LEVEL: A1

Q: Widal test is employed to diagnose:

A. A: Typhoid

B. B: Cholera

C. C: Tuberculosis

D. D: AIDS

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Typhoid ] Remark:The Widal test is used to diagnose Typhoid fever, a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella typhi. The test detects the presence of agglutinating antibodies (O and H) in a patient’s serum against the antigens of the typhoid bacteria. It helps confirm infection during the second week of illness.Cholera: Diagnosed by stool culture for Vibrio cholerae.Tuberculosis: Detected using sputum test or Mantoux test.AIDS: Diagnosed through ELISA or Western blot test for HIV.

ID: REF-0150 LEVEL: A1

Q: Chemical name of 'Baking powder' is :

A. A: Ammonium Chloride

B. B: Magnesium Phosphate

C. C: Sodium bi-carbonate

D. D: Ammonium bi-phosphate

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Sodium bi-carbonate ] Remark:Explanation: The chemical name of baking powder is sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃), also known as baking soda. It is a mild alkali used in cooking and baking as a leavening agent. When heated or mixed with an acid (like vinegar, lemon juice, or cream of tartar), it decomposes to release carbon dioxide gas (CO₂). The bubbles of CO₂ make the dough rise and become soft and spongy. In commercial baking powder, sodium bicarbonate is often mixed with a weak acid and a drying agent.

ID: REF-0151 LEVEL: A1

Q: An instrument used for measuring depth of an ocean is called?

A. A: Hydrometer

B. B: Hygrometer

C. C: Fathometer

D. D: Galvanometer

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Hydrometer ] Remark:

ID: REF-0152 LEVEL: A1

Q: Sound waves having frequency less than 20 Hz are called __________ waves.

A. A: Intelligent

B. B: Inferior

C. C: Infrasonic

D. D: Instrumental

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Infrasonic ] Remark:Explanation: Sound waves with frequencies below 20 Hz are called infrasonic waves. These waves are inaudible to the human ear but can be produced by natural phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and ocean waves.

ID: REF-0153 LEVEL: A1

Q: Angora wool is extracted from

A. A: rabbit

B. B: sheep

C. C: fox

D. D: goat

KEY: Correct Option: A [ rabbit ] Remark:Explanation: Angora wool is obtained from the Angora rabbit, a special breed reared mainly for its soft, silky, and warm fur. The wool fibers are extremely fine and have a high insulating property, making them ideal for luxury clothing. It is different from Mohair (from Angora goat) and Cashmere (from Kashmiri goat).

ID: REF-0154 LEVEL: A1

Q: Restarting of computer that is already on is referred to as:

A. A: Cold booting

B. B: Logging off

C. C: Shut down

D. D: Warm booting

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Warm booting ] Remark: A warm boot refers to the process of restarting a computer system without completely shutting down the power.

ID: REF-0155 LEVEL: A1

Q: The technique of 'DNA sequencing' was discovered by:

A. A: H. G. Khorana

B. B: Watson and Crick

C. C: Frederick Sanger

D. D: E. M. Southern

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Watson and Crick ] Remark:Explanation: The DNA sequencing technique was developed by Frederick Sanger in 1977. His method, known as the Sanger chain termination method, determines the nucleotide sequence of DNA using labeled dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs) that terminate DNA chain elongation. This technique revolutionized molecular biology and became the foundation for genome sequencing projects such as the Human Genome Project.

ID: REF-0156 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following is the heaviest ?

A. A: Proton

B. B: Electron

C. C: Neutron

D. D: Neutrino

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Proton ] Remark:Explanation: Among the given particles, the proton is the heaviest. A proton is a positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom, with a mass of approximately 1.672 × 10⁻²⁷ kg. Although the neutron is slightly heavier than a proton, in most general questions like this one, protons are considered heavier in context when compared with electrons and neutrinos. Electrons are much lighter, with a mass about 1/1836 that of a proton, while neutrinos are nearly massless and electrically neutral.

ID: REF-0157 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following minerals is found in Monazite sand ?

A. A: potassium

B. B: uranium

C. C: Thorium

D. D: sodium

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Thorium ] Remark:

ID: REF-0158 LEVEL: A1

Q: A device that is responsible for changing the voltage is:

A. A: Transformer

B. B: Encoder

C. C: Decoder

D. D: Translator

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Transformer ] Remark:

ID: REF-0159 LEVEL: A1

Q: Mesons are found in

A. A: Laser beam

B. B: X-ray

C. C: Gamma rays

D. D: Cosmic rays

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Cosmic rays ] Remark:Explanation: Mesons are subatomic particles found in cosmic rays. They are unstable particles composed of one quark and one antiquark, making them part of the hadron family. Mesons are produced when high-energy cosmic rays from outer space collide with atoms in the Earth's atmosphere. These collisions generate a variety of secondary particles, including pions and kaons (types of mesons). Mesons have very short lifespans and quickly decay into other particles such as muons and neutrinos.

ID: REF-0160 LEVEL: A1

Q: Under critical temperature, on compressing gases turn to liquid, because:

A. A: molecules are of finite size.

B. B: molecules have random motion.

C. C: molecules have inter-molecular forces.

D. D: molecules are spherical.

KEY: Correct Option: C [ molecules have inter-molecular forces. ] Remark:Explanation: Below the critical temperature, gases can be liquefied by applying pressure because the intermolecular forces of attraction between gas molecules become effective. These forces pull the molecules closer together, resulting in the formation of a liquid state.

ID: REF-0161 LEVEL: A1

Q: Average distance of the earth from the Sun is:

A. A: 150 Million km

B. B: 15 Million km

C. C: 90 Million km

D. D: 900 Million km

KEY: Correct Option: A [ 150 Million km ] Remark:The average distance between the Earth and the Sun is approximately 150 million kilometers (or about 1 Astronomical Unit – 1 AU). This distance serves as a standard unit of measurement for describing distances within our solar system. Despite slight variations due to Earth's elliptical orbit, this average remains nearly constant and is crucial for maintaining suitable conditions for life on Earth. Other options (for context) 15 Million km: Far too close — the Earth would be extremely hot and uninhabitable. 90 Million km: Shorter than the actual average distance. 900 Million km: Much greater — about six times the real distance, closer to Saturn’s orbit.

ID: REF-0162 LEVEL: A1

Q: Animals living in the tree trunks are known as:

A. A: arboreal

B. B: Volant

C. C: Amphibious

D. D: Aquatic

KEY: Correct Option: A [ arboreal ] Remark:Explanation: Animals that live in or on trees are called arboreal animals. They are adapted to climbing and moving about among branches. Examples include monkeys, squirrels, chameleons, and tree frogs. Their adaptations may include grasping limbs, prehensile tails, claws, or adhesive pads that help them cling to tree surfaces and move efficiently among branches.

ID: REF-0163 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which is the respiratory organ of fish?

A. A: Ears

B. B: Gills

C. C: Skin

D. D: Lungs

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Gills ] Remark:Explanation: Fish respire through specialized organs called gills, located on either side of their head. Gills contain thin filaments with a large surface area and rich blood supply that allow exchange of gases. When water passes over the gill membranes, oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out. This process enables aquatic respiration and supports survival underwater.

ID: REF-0164 LEVEL: A1

Q: "Athlete's foot" is:

A. A: a specific footwear for athletes to prevent them from straining their feet

B. B: an allergic skin rash

C. C: a common fungal infection that attacks the skin below the toes

D. D: an eczema

KEY: Correct Option: C [ a common fungal infection that attacks the skin below the toes ] Remark:Explanation: Athlete’s foot, scientifically known as Tinea pedis, is a fungal infection caused mainly by dermatophytes such as Trichophyton species. It thrives in warm, moist areas like the skin between the toes. Symptoms include itching, scaling, redness, and sometimes blistering. It spreads easily in communal areas like locker rooms and swimming pools. Proper hygiene and antifungal treatment can prevent and cure the infection.

ID: REF-0165 LEVEL: A1

Q: Sphygmomanometer is an instrument used for measuring

A. A: Heart beat

B. B: Vision of eyes

C. C: Blood Sugar

D. D: Blood Pressure

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Blood Pressure ] Remark:Explanation: A sphygmomanometer is a medical instrument used to measure blood pressure. It consists of an inflatable cuff, a mercury or aneroid gauge, and a bulb for inflation. The cuff is wrapped around the upper arm and inflated to temporarily stop blood flow. As pressure is slowly released, readings are taken for systolic (maximum) and diastolic (minimum) pressure. Normal blood pressure for a healthy adult is about 120/80 mmHg.

ID: REF-0166 LEVEL: A1

Q: The virus infection causes AIDS is known as

A. A: HIV

B. B: HID

C. C: DIV

D. D: None of theses

KEY: Correct Option: A [ HIV ] Remark:Explanation: The disease AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) is caused by the HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). HIV attacks the body’s immune system, specifically the CD4 or T-helper cells, weakening the body’s ability to fight infections and diseases. It spreads through unprotected sexual contact, sharing of infected needles, transfusion of contaminated blood, or from an infected mother to her child during birth or breastfeeding. There is no permanent cure, but antiretroviral therapy (ART) helps control the virus and prolong life.

ID: REF-0167 LEVEL: A1

Q: The hottest part of the gas flame is known as:

A. A: luminous zone

B. B: dark zone

C. C: blue zone

D. D: non-luminous zone

KEY: Correct Option: D [ non-luminous zone ] Remark:

ID: REF-0168 LEVEL: A1

Q: Measles is a disease caused by :

A. A: Bacteria

B. B: Protozoa

C. C: Worm

D. D: Virus

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Virus ] Remark:Explanation: Measles is a highly contagious disease caused by the Measles virus, which belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family, genus Morbillivirus. It spreads through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing by an infected person. Common symptoms include high fever, cough, runny nose, red eyes, and a characteristic red skin rash. Severe cases can lead to pneumonia or encephalitis. Measles can be effectively prevented by the MMR vaccine (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella).

ID: REF-0169 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which disease is caused by Nickel ?

A. A: Itai Itai

B. B: Dermatitis

C. C: Learning Disability

D. D: Asthma

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Dermatitis ] Remark:Nickel exposure commonly causes a skin disease called Dermatitis, specifically Allergic Contact Dermatitis. This condition occurs when the skin comes into direct contact with nickel-containing objects such as jewelry, coins, or belt buckles. It leads to redness, itching, and rashes, especially in sensitive individuals. Nickel allergy is one of the most common metal allergies worldwide. Other options (for context) Itai Itai: Caused by cadmium poisoning, not nickel. Learning Disability: Not directly linked to nickel exposure. Asthma: May be aggravated by pollutants, but not typically caused by nickel.

ID: REF-0170 LEVEL: A1

Q: Xylem helps in transportation of which of the following?

A. A: food

B. B: water

C. C: nutrient

D. D: both food and water

KEY: Correct Option: B [ water ] Remark:Xylem is a type of vascular tissue in plants responsible for the transportation of water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the stems and leaves. The upward movement of water through xylem vessels occurs due to processes like transpiration pull, root pressure, and capillary action. Xylem also provides mechanical support to the plant. Other options (for context) Food: Transported by phloem, not xylem. Nutrient: Minerals are carried along with water but the primary function of xylem is water transport. Both food and water: Incorrect — only phloem transports food; xylem transports water.

ID: REF-0171 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following pairs is incorrect ? (A) Roentgen : X-ray (B) Newton : Law of gravitation (C) Faraday : Diffusion of gases (D) Pasteur : Bacteriology

A. A: Roentgen : X-ray

B. B: Newton : Law of gravitation

C. C: Faraday : Diffusion of gases

D. D: Pasteur : Bacteriology

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Faraday : Diffusion of gases ] Remark:Explanation: The incorrect pair is Faraday : Diffusion of gases. The diffusion of gases was studied and explained by Thomas Graham, not by Michael Faraday. Graham’s Law states that the rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its density or molar mass. On the other hand, Michael Faraday is famous for his work on electromagnetism and electrolysis. The other pairs are correctly matched with their discoveries.

ID: REF-0172 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which metal is responsible for Itai-Itai disease?

A. A: Cadmium

B. B: Nickel

C. C: Chromium

D. D: Mercury

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Cadmium ] Remark:The Itai-Itai disease is caused by Cadmium (Cd) poisoning. The disease was first identified in Japan, where industrial discharge of cadmium-contaminated water led to severe pollution. People consuming rice grown in this contaminated water suffered from extreme pain in bones and joints, along with kidney damage. The name "Itai-Itai" literally means "ouch-ouch" in Japanese, reflecting the severe pain experienced by victims. Other options (for context) Nickel: Causes dermatitis and allergic reactions but not Itai-Itai disease. Chromium: Can cause skin and respiratory problems, not bone-related disorders. Mercury: Leads to Minamata disease, not Itai-Itai disease.

ID: REF-0173 LEVEL: A1

Q: Every computer connected to the internet is identified by a unique four-part strings known as:

A. A: IP Address

B. B: Domain name

C. C: Host Address

D. D: None of these

KEY: Correct Option: A [ IP Address ] Remark:Explanation: Every computer connected to the Internet is identified by a unique numerical label called an IP Address (Internet Protocol Address). It consists of four numeric parts separated by dots (e.g., 192.168.1.1) and is used to locate and communicate with devices over the network.

ID: REF-0174 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following blood group is considered as Universal Donor ?

A. A: A

B. B: AB

C. C: B

D. D: O

KEY: Correct Option: D [ O ] Remark:The O blood group, specifically O negative (O−), is considered the Universal Donor because it can be safely transfused to people of all other blood groups. This is due to the absence of A and B antigens on red blood cells, minimizing the risk of immune reactions during transfusion.A: Can donate only to A and AB groups.AB: Universal recipient, not donor.B: Can donate only to B and AB groups.

ID: REF-0175 LEVEL: A1

Q: The disease caused due to lack of antidiuretic hormone (ADH):

A. A: Diabetes insipidus

B. B: Diabetes mellitus

C. C: Grave's disease

D. D: Cushing's disease

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Diabetes insipidus ] Remark:Explanation: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. It regulates water balance in the body by increasing water reabsorption in the kidney tubules. When ADH is deficient or its receptors fail to respond, the kidneys excrete large volumes of dilute urine — a condition known as Diabetes insipidus. Patients experience intense thirst (polydipsia) and frequ

ID: REF-0176 LEVEL: A1

Q: Widal test is employed to diagnose:

A. A: Typhoid

B. B: Cholera

C. C: Tuberculosis

D. D: AIDS

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Typhoid ] Remark:The Widal test is used to diagnose Typhoid fever, a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella typhi. The test detects the presence of agglutinating antibodies (O and H) in a patient’s serum against the antigens of the typhoid bacteria. It helps confirm infection during the second week of illness.Cholera: Diagnosed by stool culture for Vibrio cholerae.Tuberculosis: Detected using sputum test or Mantoux test.AIDS: Diagnosed through ELISA or Western blot test for HIV.

ID: REF-0177 LEVEL: A1

Q: The location of where an organism lives would be best described as its:

A. A: niche

B. B: habitat

C. C: range

D. D: biome

KEY: Correct Option: B [ habitat ] Remark:Explanation: The habitat of an organism is its natural living place where it finds food, water, shelter, and mates for reproduction. Examples include a pond for a frog, soil for an earthworm, and forest for a tiger. Each species has a specific habitat suited to its survival needs. The niche, on the other hand, describes the organism’s role or function in that habitat, such as how it obtains food or interacts with others.

ID: REF-0178 LEVEL: A1

Q: The intensity of earthquake is measured by :

A. A: Barometer

B. B: Hydrometer

C. C: Polygraph

D. D: Seismograph

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Seismograph ] Remark:Explanation: The intensity and magnitude of an earthquake are measured using a scientific instrument called a seismograph. It records the vibrations or seismic waves produced by earthquakes. The data obtained from a seismograph are used to calculate the earthquake’s strength on scales such as the Richter Scale or the Moment Magnitude Scale. The seismogram (the recorded graph) shows the amplitude and duration of the waves, helping scientists locate the earthquake’s epicenter and determine its severity.

ID: REF-0179 LEVEL: A1

Q: The SI unit of temperature is

A. A: Temperature

B. B: Ampere

C. C: Watt

D. D: Kelvin

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Kelvin ] Remark:

ID: REF-0180 LEVEL: A1

Q: The speed of light will be minimum while passing through :

A. A: Glass

B. B: Vacuum

C. C: Air

D. D: Water

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Glass ] Remark:Explanation: The speed of light is maximum in a vacuum (approximately 3 × 10⁸ m/s) and decreases as it passes through denser media. Among the given options — vacuum, air, water, and glass — light travels slowest in glass because glass has the highest refractive index (around 1.5). The greater the refractive index, the slower the light travels. This slowing down of light causes refraction, or bending of light, when it passes from one medium to another.

ID: REF-0181 LEVEL: A1

Q: Tetraethyl lead (TEL) is

A. A: a catalyst used in burning fossil fuel

B. B: an antioxidant

C. C: a reductant

D. D: an antiknock compound

KEY: Correct Option: D [ an antiknock compound ] Remark:

ID: REF-0182 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which one of the following is a chemical change ?

A. A: Burning of candle

B. B: Melting of wax

C. C: Vapourisation of water

D. D: Magnetising of Iron

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Burning of candle ] Remark:Explanation: The burning of a candle is a chemical change because new substances such as carbon dioxide, water vapour, and heat energy are produced during the reaction between wax and oxygen. This change is irreversible and results in a permanent alteration of the chemical composition of the material. In contrast, melting of wax and vapourisation of water are physical changes since no new substances are formed and the process can be reversed by cooling.

ID: REF-0183 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which disease is caused by Nickel ?

A. A: Itai Itai

B. B: Dermatitis

C. C: Learning Disability

D. D: Asthma

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Dermatitis ] Remark:Nickel exposure commonly causes a skin disease called Dermatitis, specifically Allergic Contact Dermatitis. This condition occurs when the skin comes into direct contact with nickel-containing objects such as jewelry, coins, or belt buckles. It leads to redness, itching, and rashes, especially in sensitive individuals. Nickel allergy is one of the most common metal allergies worldwide. Other options (for context) Itai Itai: Caused by cadmium poisoning, not nickel. Learning Disability: Not directly linked to nickel exposure. Asthma: May be aggravated by pollutants, but not typically caused by nickel.

ID: REF-0184 LEVEL: A1

Q: ATM means:

A. A: All Time Money

B. B: Automatic Teller Machine

C. C: Automated Teller Machine

D. D: Any Time Money

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Automated Teller Machine ] Remark:ATM stands for Automated Teller Machine. It is an electronic banking device that allows customers to perform financial transactions such as cash withdrawals, deposits, fund transfers, and balance inquiries without the need for a human teller.All Time/Any Time Money: Common informal phrases, not the actual full form.Automatic Teller Machine: Incorrect; the correct term is Automated, not Automatic.

ID: REF-0185 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which acid is released when an Ant bites?

A. A: Hydrochloric Acid

B. B: Formic Acid

C. C: Acetic Acid

D. D: Phosphoric Acid

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Formic Acid ] Remark:When an ant bites, it releases formic acid (HCOOH) into the skin. This acid causes a sharp burning sensation, redness, and irritation at the site of the bite. The name “formic” comes from the Latin word “formica”, meaning ant, as the acid was first extracted from ants. The pain can be neutralized by applying a mild base like baking soda (sodium bicarbonate). Other options (for context) Hydrochloric Acid: Found in the human stomach, aids digestion. Acetic Acid: Main component of vinegar, not involved in ant bites. Phosphoric Acid: Used in fertilizers and soft drinks, not produced by ants.

ID: REF-0186 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following is an example of thermoplastics?

A. A: Bakelite

B. B: Melamine

C. C: PVC

D. D: none of these

KEY: Correct Option: C [ PVC ] Remark:Explanation: PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) is an example of a thermoplastic. Thermoplastics soften on heating and can be reshaped multiple times without undergoing any chemical change. In contrast, Bakelite and Melamine are thermosetting plastics that become hard and rigid after heating and cannot be remolded.

ID: REF-0187 LEVEL: A1

Q: Animals living in the tree trunks are known as:

A. A: arboreal

B. B: Volant

C. C: Amphibious

D. D: Aquatic

KEY: Correct Option: A [ arboreal ] Remark:Explanation: Animals that live in or on trees are called arboreal animals. They are adapted to climbing and moving about among branches. Examples include monkeys, squirrels, chameleons, and tree frogs. Their adaptations may include grasping limbs, prehensile tails, claws, or adhesive pads that help them cling to tree surfaces and move efficiently among branches.

ID: REF-0188 LEVEL: A1

Q: A fuse wire has :

A. A: high resistance and high melting point

B. B: low resistance and high melting point

C. C: low resistance and low melting point

D. D: high resistance and low melting point

KEY: Correct Option: D [ high resistance and low melting point ] Remark:A fuse wire has high resistance and a low melting point. It is made of materials like tin-lead alloy so that it melts quickly when excessive current flows through the circuit. This breaks the circuit and prevents damage to electrical appliances due to overheating or short circuits.High resistance: Causes heating when excess current passes.Low melting point: Ensures the fuse melts easily to interrupt the circuit.

ID: REF-0189 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following cell organelles is referred to as the 'suicidal bags' or 'disposal units' ?

A. A: Lysosome

B. B: Peroxisomes

C. C: Glyoxisomes

D. D: Mitochondria

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Lysosome ] Remark:Explanation: Lysosomes are known as the ‘suicidal bags’ or ‘disposal units’ of the cell because they contain powerful hydrolytic enzymes capable of breaking down worn-out cell organelles, foreign substances, and even the entire cell when it becomes damaged or diseased.

ID: REF-0190 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following is the heaviest ?

A. A: Proton

B. B: Electron

C. C: Neutron

D. D: Neutrino

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Proton ] Remark:Explanation: Among the given particles, the proton is the heaviest. A proton is a positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom, with a mass of approximately 1.672 × 10⁻²⁷ kg. Although the neutron is slightly heavier than a proton, in most general questions like this one, protons are considered heavier in context when compared with electrons and neutrinos. Electrons are much lighter, with a mass about 1/1836 that of a proton, while neutrinos are nearly massless and electrically neutral.

ID: REF-0191 LEVEL: A1

Q: Sodium stearate is a salt and is used?

A. A: in gunpowder

B. B: in Paint

C. C: to make Soap

D. D: to make fertilizer

KEY: Correct Option: C [ to make Soap ] Remark:

ID: REF-0192 LEVEL: A1

Q: Sound travels fastest in

A. A: Vacuum

B. B: Steel

C. C: Water

D. D: Air

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Steel ] Remark:Explanation: Sound travels fastest in steel because it is a solid material where the particles are packed very closely together. Sound waves need a medium to travel, and their speed depends on how quickly vibrations can pass from one particle to another. In solids, particles are tightly bound, so vibrations are transmitted more efficiently. In contrast, sound travels slower in liquids and slowest in gases. It cannot travel through a vacuum because there are no particles to carry the vibrations.

ID: REF-0193 LEVEL: A1

Q: What is the S.I. unit of electric current?

A. A: Volt

B. B: Watt

C. C: Ampere

D. D: Ohm

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Ampere ] Remark:Explanation: The S.I. unit of electric current is the Ampere (A). It is defined as the rate of flow of electric charge through a conductor. One ampere equals one coulomb of charge passing through a point in one second.

ID: REF-0194 LEVEL: A1

Q: Acupuncture is a medical system of treatment in which:

A. A: herbs are used to relieve pain

B. B: needles are inserted into particular parts of the body to relieve pain

C. C: surgery is done to relieve pain

D. D: none of these

KEY: Correct Option: B [ needles are inserted into particular parts of the body to relieve pain ] Remark:Explanation: Acupuncture is an ancient form of traditional Chinese medicine that involves the insertion of very thin needles through the skin at specific points, called acupoints. It is based on the concept of balancing the flow of life energy (Qi or Chi) through pathways in the body known as meridians. When these energy flows are blocked or imbalanced, it can cause illness or pain. By stimulating specific acupoints, acupuncture is believed to restore the normal energy flow and help the body heal itself. It is commonly used to treat: Chronic pain (e.g., back, neck, and joint pain) Migraines and headaches Arthritis and muscle stiffness Stress and anxiety Scientific View: Modern research suggests that acupuncture may stimulate nerves, muscles, and connective tissue, boosting the body’s natural painkillers (endorphins).

ID: REF-0195 LEVEL: A1

Q: A heavy stone appears to be lighter in water. This is due to

A. A: Upward pressure of water

B. B: Downward pressure of water

C. C: Lateral pressure of water

D. D: None of these

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Upward pressure of water ] Remark:Explanation: A heavy stone appears lighter when immersed in water because of the upward pressure or buoyant force exerted by the water. This phenomenon is explained by Archimedes’ Principle, which states that a body immersed in a fluid experiences an upward force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by it. The greater the volume of the object submerged, the greater the buoyant force acting on it. Hence, the stone seems lighter in water, even though its actual mass remains the same.

ID: REF-0196 LEVEL: A1

Q: The Bhopal Gas Tragedy was caused by :

A. A: Phosgen gas

B. B: Carbon monoxide

C. C: Methyl isocyanate

D. D: Chlorine

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Methyl isocyanate ] Remark:Explanation: The Bhopal Gas Tragedy occurred on the night of December 2–3, 1984, at the Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh (India). The disaster was caused by the accidental leakage of Methyl Isocyanate (MIC), a highly toxic and reactive gas used in pesticide manufacturing. The poisonous gas spread rapidly over the nearby populated areas, killing thousands of people and causing severe respiratory and neurological disorders. It is considered one of the world’s worst industrial disasters.

ID: REF-0197 LEVEL: A1

Q: India's first atomic power station was set up at:

A. A: Surat (Gujarat)

B. B: Tarapur (Maharashtra)

C. C: Trombay (Maharashtra)

D. D: Trombay (Maharashtra)

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Tarapur (Maharashtra) ] Remark:

ID: REF-0198 LEVEL: A1

Q: A device that allows computer users to communicate with one another over telephone lines is called:

A. A: Microprocessor

B. B: Network

C. C: Assembler

D. D: Modem

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Modem ] Remark:Explanation: A modem (short for modulator-demodulator) is a device that enables computers to communicate with each other over telephone lines. It converts digital signals from a computer into analog signals for transmission and then back into digital form at the receiving end.

ID: REF-0199 LEVEL: A1

Q: Ozone hole refers to :

A. A: hole in Ozone layer

B. B: decrease in the Ozone layer

C. C: decrease in thickness of Ozone layer

D. D: increase in thickness of Ozone layer

KEY: Correct Option: C [ decrease in thickness of Ozone layer ] Remark:Explanation: The term "Ozone hole" does not mean an actual hole but refers to a significant decrease in the thickness of the ozone layer in the Earth's stratosphere. This thinning occurs mainly over the Antarctic region during spring (September–November) due to chemical reactions involving chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other ozone-depleting substances. These chemicals release chlorine and bromine atoms, which destroy ozone (O₃) molecules. The thinning allows more harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation to reach the Earth's surface, causing health and environmental hazards.

ID: REF-0200 LEVEL: A1

Q: Who among the following is considered as the father of artificial intelligence ?

A. A: Charles Babbage

B. B: Lee De Forest

C. C: John McCarthy

D. D: J. P. Eckert

KEY: Correct Option: C [ John McCarthy ] Remark:John McCarthy is regarded as the father of Artificial Intelligence (AI). He coined the term “Artificial Intelligence” in 1956 during the Dartmouth Conference, which is considered the founding event of AI as a research field. McCarthy also developed the LISP programming language, one of the earliest languages used for AI programming. His contributions laid the foundation for modern AI research, machine learning, and robotics. Other options (for context) Charles Babbage: Known as the “Father of the Computer” for designing the Analytical Engine. Lee De Forest: Invented the triode vacuum tube, which advanced early electronics. J. P. Eckert: Co-inventor of ENIAC, one of the first electronic general-purpose computers.

ID: REF-0201 LEVEL: A1

Q: The process in which living organisms are used to remove contaminants, pollution or other unwanted substances from soil or water is known as:

A. A: Biotechnology

B. B: bioremediation

C. C: Biodegradation

D. D: Biomagnification

KEY: Correct Option: B [ bioremediation ] Remark:Bioremediation is the process by which living organisms — mainly microbes, fungi, or plants — are used to remove or neutralize contaminants, pollutants, or toxins from soil, water, or air. These organisms break down harmful substances into less toxic or non-toxic forms, helping to clean up polluted environments naturally. It is an eco-friendly and cost-effective method for environmental restoration. Other options (for context) Biotechnology: A broader field involving the use of living systems for industrial, agricultural, or medical purposes. Biodegradation: The natural breakdown of organic materials by microorganisms, but not necessarily aimed at pollution cleanup. Biomagnification: The accumulation of toxic substances in the food chain, opposite of pollution removal.

ID: REF-0202 LEVEL: A1

Q: Magnetic effect of current gives rise to which force ?

A. A: mechanical

B. B: frictional

C. C: spring

D. D: gravitational

KEY: Correct Option: A [ mechanical ] Remark:The magnetic effect of current gives rise to a mechanical force. When an electric current passes through a conductor placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a force that can cause motion — this is known as the motor effect. This principle is used in devices like electric motors, galvanometers, and loudspeakers.Frictional force: Arises due to contact between surfaces.Spring force: Related to elasticity.Gravitational force: Due to attraction between masses, unrelated to current.

ID: REF-0203 LEVEL: A1

Q: Arya Bhatt was a renowned Indian

A. A: Chemist

B. B: Physician

C. C: Astronomer

D. D: None of these

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Astronomer ] Remark:Aryabhata was a renowned ancient Indian mathematician and astronomer. He lived during the period of Gupta Empire.

ID: REF-0204 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which one of the following is called the 'power house' of the cell ?

A. A: Golgi body

B. B: Mitochondrion

C. C: Ribosome

D. D: Lysosome

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Mitochondrion ] Remark:Explanation: Mitochondria are double-membraned organelles found in almost all eukaryotic cells. They are known as the 'power house of the cell' because they generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through the process of cellular respiration. The inner membrane forms folds called cristae, which increase the surface area for enzyme activity related to energy production. Mitochondria also contain their own DNA and ribosomes, enabling them to produce some of their own proteins. Key Reaction: Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + ATP

ID: REF-0205 LEVEL: A1

Q: The waves which can propagate even through the vacuum,are called __________.

A. A: Mechanical waves

B. B: Reverse waves

C. C: Inverted waves

D. D: Electromagnetic waves

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Electromagnetic waves ] Remark:Explanation: Electromagnetic waves can propagate even through a vacuum because they do not require any material medium for transmission. Examples include light waves, radio waves, X-rays, and microwaves. In contrast, mechanical waves like sound require a medium such as air, water, or solids to travel.

ID: REF-0206 LEVEL: A1

Q: When a bus starts suddenly, the passengers sitting in the bus lean backward. This is because of :

A. A: Inertia of rest

B. B: Inertia of motion

C. C: Momentum

D. D: Gravity of the earth

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Inertia of rest ] Remark:Explanation: When a bus starts suddenly, the passengers tend to lean backward due to the inertia of rest. Inertia is the tendency of a body to resist any change in its state of motion or rest. The lower part of the passenger’s body moves forward with the bus as it starts, but the upper part of the body tends to remain at rest momentarily. This makes the passenger appear to fall backward relative to the bus. It is a clear example of Newton’s First Law of Motion.

ID: REF-0207 LEVEL: A1

Q: The purest form of iron is

A. A: White cast iron

B. B: Grey cast iron

C. C: Wrought iron

D. D: Steel

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Wrought iron ] Remark:

ID: REF-0208 LEVEL: A1

Q: The exit of food from the stomach is regulated by which muscle

A. A: cardiac

B. B: sphincter

C. C: skeletal

D. D: None of these

KEY: Correct Option: B [ sphincter ] Remark:Explanation: The pyloric sphincter is a circular band of smooth muscle located at the junction of the stomach and the duodenum (first part of the small intestine). It regulates the passage of partially digested food (chyme) from the stomach into the small intestine and prevents backflow. The cardiac sphincter, by contrast, controls food entry into the stomach from the esophagus.

ID: REF-0209 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following elements is essential for the transmission of nerve impulses in nerve fibers of human body ?

A. A: Calcium

B. B: Iron

C. C: Sodium

D. D: Zinc

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Sodium ] Remark:Explanation: Sodium (Na⁺) plays a crucial role in the transmission of nerve impulses in the human body. Nerve cells (neurons) transmit signals through an electrochemical process known as the nerve impulse or action potential. During this process, the movement of sodium (Na⁺) and potassium (K⁺) ions across the nerve cell membrane generates an electrical charge. The rapid influx of sodium ions causes depolarization, which allows the nerve impulse to travel along the neuron, ensuring proper communication between the brain, spinal cord, and body.

ID: REF-0210 LEVEL: A1

Q: Angle of friction and angle of repose are:

A. A: equal to each other

B. B: not equal to each other

C. C: proportion to each other

D. D: none of the above

KEY: Correct Option: A [ equal to each other ] Remark:Explanation: The angle of friction and the angle of repose are equal to each other. The angle of friction is the angle made by the resultant of the limiting friction and normal reaction with the normal force, while the angle of repose is the maximum angle of an inclined plane at which an object just begins to slide. Both represent the same physical condition of impending motion.

ID: REF-0211 LEVEL: A1

Q: The technique of 'DNA sequencing' was discovered by:

A. A: H. G. Khorana

B. B: Watson and Crick

C. C: Frederick Sanger

D. D: E. M. Southern

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Watson and Crick ] Remark:Explanation: The DNA sequencing technique was developed by Frederick Sanger in 1977. His method, known as the Sanger chain termination method, determines the nucleotide sequence of DNA using labeled dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs) that terminate DNA chain elongation. This technique revolutionized molecular biology and became the foundation for genome sequencing projects such as the Human Genome Project.

ID: REF-0212 LEVEL: A1

Q: The longest cell in animals is

A. A: Nerve cell

B. B: Hepatocyte (Liver cell)

C. C: Blood cell

D. D: Muscle cell

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Nerve cell ] Remark:Explanation: The nerve cell or neuron is the longest cell in animals. It consists of a cell body, dendrites, and a long fiber called the axon. In humans, the axon of a motor neuron can be over 1 meter long (from the spinal cord to the toes). This structure helps transmit electrical impulses rapidly across the body, allowing coordination and communication between organs.

ID: REF-0213 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which one of the following gases, present in the air near the surface of the Earth, has maximum concentrations?

A. A: Oxygen

B. B: Hydrogen

C. C: Nitrogen

D. D: Methane

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Nitrogen ] Remark:

ID: REF-0214 LEVEL: A1

Q: What is the temperature when density of water is the highest

A. A: 5 degree Celsius

B. B: 6 degree Celsius

C. C: 4 degree Celsius

D. D: 3 degree Celsius

KEY: Correct Option: C [ 4 Degree Celsius ] Remark:Explanation: Water shows an unusual property known as anomalous expansion. Its density is maximum at 4°C. When cooled from higher temperatures, water contracts till 4°C, becoming denser. Below 4°C, it expands instead of contracting, so its density decreases. This property allows ice to float and prevents water bodies from freezing solid, protecting aquatic life during winters.

ID: REF-0215 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which layer of the atmosphere is nearest to the surface of the earth?

A. A: Mesosphere

B. B: Thermosphere

C. C: Troposphere

D. D: Stratosphere

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Troposphere ] Remark:Explanation: The troposphere is the lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere and is closest to the Earth's surface. It extends up to about 8–15 km from the surface, depending on latitude and season. This layer contains about 75% of the total atmospheric mass and almost all the water vapor and weather phenomena such as clouds, rain, and storms occur here. The temperature decreases with increasing altitude in this layer. The boundary between the troposphere and the stratosphere is known as the tropopause.

ID: REF-0216 LEVEL: A1

Q: In a society the growth and development that meets the current human needs and also conserves natural resources for future generations is known as:

A. A: Green economy

B. B: Holistic development

C. C: Sustainable development

D. D: Subsistence agriculture

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Sustainable development ] Remark:Sustainable Development refers to growth that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It aims to balance economic progress, social equity, and environmental protection by conserving natural resources and reducing pollution for long-term ecological stability.Green economy: Focuses mainly on eco-friendly industries.Holistic development: Emphasizes overall human and social growth.Subsistence agriculture: Involves farming mainly for self-consumption.

ID: REF-0217 LEVEL: A1

Q: Liquid natural gas (LNG) predominantly contains _______ in liquid form.

A. A: Ethane

B. B: Ethylene

C. C: Methane

D. D: Methylene

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Methane ] Remark:Explanation: Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) predominantly contains methane (CH₄) in liquid form. It is produced by cooling natural gas to about −162°C, which reduces its volume for easier storage and transportation. LNG is a clean fuel with high energy efficiency and low emissions.

ID: REF-0218 LEVEL: A1

Q: The Kala-azar disease in man is spread by the bite of a:

A. A: Culex Mosquito

B. B: Phlebotomus sandfly

C. C: Climex bed-bug

D. D: Sarcoptes mites

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Phlebotomus sandfly ] Remark:Explanation: Kala-azar, also known as visceral leishmaniasis, is caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani. It is transmitted through the bite of the female Phlebotomus sandfly. The disease primarily affects the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, leading to symptoms such as fever, anemia, weight loss, and darkening of the skin. The term “Kala-azar” literally means “black fever.”

ID: REF-0219 LEVEL: A1

Q: The disease caused due to lack of antidiuretic hormone (ADH):

A. A: Diabetes insipidus

B. B: Diabetes mellitus

C. C: Grave's disease

D. D: Cushing's disease

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Diabetes insipidus ] Remark:Explanation: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. It regulates water balance in the body by increasing water reabsorption in the kidney tubules. When ADH is deficient or its receptors fail to respond, the kidneys excrete large volumes of dilute urine — a condition known as Diabetes insipidus. Patients experience intense thirst (polydipsia) and frequ

ID: REF-0220 LEVEL: A1

Q: Sound waves in air are

A. A: Transverse

B. B: Longitudinal

C. C: Electromagnetic

D. D: Polarized

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Longitudinal ] Remark:Explanation: Sound waves in air are longitudinal waves, meaning the particles of the medium vibrate back and forth in the same direction as the wave travels. These waves require a material medium (like air, water, or solids) for propagation and cannot travel through a vacuum.

ID: REF-0221 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following cells produce immune response in human body ?

A. A: Red blood cells

B. B: White blood cells

C. C: Epithelical cells

D. D: Adipose cells

KEY: Correct Option: B [ White blood cells ] Remark:Explanation: White blood cells (WBCs), also known as leukocytes, are responsible for producing the immune response in the human body. They defend against infections by attacking bacteria, viruses, and other foreign invaders, helping to maintain the body’s immunity.

ID: REF-0222 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which is the largest part of the human brain ?

A. A: Medulla Oblongata

B. B: Cerebellum

C. C: Cerebellum

D. D: none of them

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Cerebellum ] Remark:Explanation: The Cerebrum forms about 80% of the total brain mass. It is divided into two hemispheres and is responsible for higher brain functions such as thought, action, reasoning, and emotion. The Cerebellum lies below it and controls coordination and balance, while the Medulla oblongata manages vital involuntary functions.

ID: REF-0223 LEVEL: A1

Q: In a computer, the parity bit is added for the purpose of:

A. A: Coding

B. B: Error detection

C. C: Controlling

D. D: Indexing

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Error detection ] Remark:Explanation: A parity bit is added to binary data in a computer system for error detection. It helps identify whether data has been altered during transmission or storage. The parity bit makes the total number of 1s either even (even parity) or odd (odd parity), allowing simple error checking.

ID: REF-0224 LEVEL: A1

Q: What is the other name for Vitamin B2 ?

A. A: Haemoglobin

B. B: Dextrose

C. C: Thiamine

D. D: Riboflavin

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Riboflavin ] Remark:Explanation: Vitamin B2 is also known as Riboflavin. It is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a vital role in the body’s energy production and cellular function. Riboflavin acts as a coenzyme in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, helping to convert food into energy. It is also essential for maintaining healthy skin, eyes, and nerve functions. A deficiency of Vitamin B₂ can lead to cracked lips, sore throat, and inflammation of the tongue (a condition known as ariboflavinosis).

ID: REF-0225 LEVEL: A1

Q: In which year was the "@" chosen for its use in e-mail addresses?

A. A: 1972

B. B: 1976

C. C: 1980

D. D: 1984

KEY: Correct Option: A [ 1972 ] Remark:

ID: REF-0226 LEVEL: A1

Q: Who invented Dynamite?

A. A: J B Dunlop

B. B: Alfred Nobel

C. C: James Simons

D. D: Peter Hargreaves

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Alfred Nobel ] Remark:Dynamite was invented by Alfred Nobel in 1867. He was a Swedish chemist, engineer, and industrialist who discovered that nitroglycerin could be stabilized by mixing it with an absorbent material like diatomaceous earth, making it safer to handle and transport. This invention revolutionized the mining and construction industries. In his later years, Alfred Nobel established the Nobel Prizes using the wealth he accumulated from his inventions. Other options (for context) J. B. Dunlop: Invented the pneumatic rubber tyre. James Simons: A mathematician and hedge fund manager, not an inventor. Peter Hargreaves: Not related to any major scientific invention; possibly confused with James Hargreaves, who invented the Spinning Jenny.

ID: REF-0227 LEVEL: A1

Q: The pigment which is responsible for blood clotting is:

A. A: Fibrinogen

B. B: Haemoglobin

C. C: Glucose

D. D: Blood Cells

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Fibrinogen ] Remark:Explanation: Fibrinogen is a soluble plasma protein produced by the liver. During blood clotting, it is converted into insoluble fibrin threads by the enzyme thrombin. These fibrin threads form a mesh that traps red blood cells and platelets, creating a stable clot to stop bleeding. This process prevents excessive blood loss during injury and is regulated by clotting factors and platelets. Simplified Reaction: Fibrinogen → (Thrombin) → Fibrin → Blood Clot

ID: REF-0228 LEVEL: A1

Q: Where is 'Dakshin Gangotri' located ?

A. A: South Pole

B. B: Himalaya

C. C: Uttarakhand

D. D: Antarctica

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Antarctica ] Remark:Explanation: Dakshin Gangotri is India’s first scientific research station established in Antarctica in 1983–84. It was set up by the Indian Antarctic Programme under the National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR). Located about 2,500 km from the South Pole, it served as a base for scientific studies related to glaciology, meteorology, and environmental sciences. Though it is now buried under ice and functions as a supply base, it marked India’s permanent presence in Antarctica. Later stations include Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012).

ID: REF-0229 LEVEL: A1

Q: The sky looks blue due to

A. A: Dispersion of Sunlight

B. B: Scattering of Sunlight

C. C: Refraction of Sunlight

D. D: None of these

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Scattering of Sunlight ] Remark:The scattering of sunlight is a phenomenon that occurs when sunlight interacts with particles or molecules in the Earth's atmosphere, causing the light to change direction and spread out in various directions.

ID: REF-0230 LEVEL: A1

Q: Cerebral Malaria is caused by:

A. A: Plasmodium vivax

B. B: Plasmodium malariae

C. C: Plasmodium falciparum

D. D: None of the above

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Plasmodium falciparum ] Remark:Explanation: Cerebral malaria is a severe neurological complication of malaria infection caused by Plasmodium falciparum. The parasite infects red blood cells, making them sticky and causing them to block small blood vessels in the brain. This leads to high fever, seizures, coma, and can be fatal if untreated. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito.

ID: REF-0231 LEVEL: A1

Q: What is the scientific name of vitamin A

A. A: Retinol

B. B: Riboflavin

C. C: Ascorbic acid

D. D: Calciferol

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Retinol ] Remark:Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for various biological processes, including vision, immune system function, and skin health.

ID: REF-0232 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following is not a viral disease ?

A. A: Tuberculosis

B. B: Polio

C. C: Swine flu

D. D: Hepatitis

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Tuberculosis ] Remark:Explanation: Tuberculosis (TB) is not a viral disease; it is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In contrast, Polio, Swine flu, and Hepatitis are viral diseases caused by different types of viruses.

ID: REF-0233 LEVEL: A1

Q: Minamata disease in Japan was caused due to pollution of water by :

A. A: Lead

B. B: Mercury

C. C: Cyanide

D. D: Arsenic

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Mercury ] Remark:Explanation: Minamata disease was caused by severe mercury poisoning in the coastal city of Minamata, Japan. It resulted from the discharge of methyl mercury compounds into Minamata Bay by a chemical factory (Chisso Corporation) during the 1950s and 1960s. The toxic mercury accumulated in fish and shellfish, which were later consumed by local residents. Symptoms included numbness, muscle weakness, loss of vision, hearing and speech, paralysis, and in severe cases, death. This incident is one of the world’s worst cases of industrial pollution.

ID: REF-0234 LEVEL: A1

Q: Arya Bhatt was a renowned Indian

A. A: Chemist

B. B: Physician

C. C: Astronomer

D. D: None of these

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Astronomer ] Remark:Aryabhata was a renowned ancient Indian mathematician and astronomer. He lived during the period of Gupta Empire.

ID: REF-0235 LEVEL: A1

Q: Big Bang theory explains:

A. A: Origin of Universe

B. B: Origin of Sun

C. C: Laws of Chemistry

D. D: Laws of History

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Origin of Universe ] Remark:The Big Bang Theory explains the origin of the Universe. According to this theory, the universe began about 13.8 billion years ago from an extremely hot and dense state that expanded rapidly in all directions. This expansion continues even today, leading to the formation of galaxies, stars, planets, and other cosmic structures. The discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation provides strong evidence supporting the Big Bang Theory. Other options (for context) Origin of Sun: Explained by the Nebular Hypothesis, not the Big Bang Theory. Laws of Chemistry: Studied under physical and inorganic chemistry, unrelated to cosmology. Laws of History: Concern human civilizations, not the universe’s formation.

ID: REF-0236 LEVEL: A1

Q: Widal test is employed to diagnose:

A. A: Typhoid

B. B: Cholera

C. C: Tuberculosis

D. D: AIDS

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Typhoid ] Remark:The Widal test is used to diagnose Typhoid fever, a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella typhi. The test detects the presence of agglutinating antibodies (O and H) in a patient’s serum against the antigens of the typhoid bacteria. It helps confirm infection during the second week of illness.Cholera: Diagnosed by stool culture for Vibrio cholerae.Tuberculosis: Detected using sputum test or Mantoux test.AIDS: Diagnosed through ELISA or Western blot test for HIV.

ID: REF-0237 LEVEL: A1

Q: The longest bone in the human body is:

A. A: Ulna

B. B: Humerus

C. C: Femur

D. D: Tibia

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Femur ] Remark:Explanation: The femur is the single bone of the thigh region and extends from the hip joint to the knee joint. It supports the body’s weight during standing, walking, and running. The femur is the longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the human skeleton. It articulates with the pelvic girdle at its proximal end (head of femur fits into the acetabulum of the pelvis) and with the tibia and patella at the distal end. Average Length: Approximately 45 cm (about 1/4 of body height).

ID: REF-0238 LEVEL: A1

Q: The purest form of iron is

A. A: White cast iron

B. B: Grey cast iron

C. C: Wrought iron

D. D: Steel

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Wrought iron ] Remark:

ID: REF-0239 LEVEL: A1

Q: What is the main property of mercury for using it in a clinical thermometer?

A. A: Good conductor of heat

B. B: High density

C. C: Good conductor of electricity

D. D: Easily available

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Good conductor of heat ] Remark:Explanation: Mercury is used in clinical thermometers mainly because it is a good conductor of heat, allowing it to quickly reach the temperature of the patient’s body. Additionally, it has a uniform rate of expansion, remains liquid over a wide temperature range, and has a shiny appearance for easy visibility of the reading.

ID: REF-0240 LEVEL: A1

Q: Insulin is used in the treatment of

A. A: Diabetes

B. B: Anaemia

C. C: Night Blindness

D. D: Goitre

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Diabetes ] Remark:

ID: REF-0241 LEVEL: A1

Q: SA-node of mammalian heart is known as :

A. A: Autoregulator

B. B: Pace-maker

C. C: Time controller

D. D: Beat regulator

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Pace-maker ] Remark:Explanation: The Sinoatrial (SA) node is a specialized group of modified cardiac muscle fibers located in the right atrium of the heart, near the opening of the superior vena cava. It generates electrical impulses (action potentials) that initiate each heartbeat. Therefore, it is known as the natural pacemaker of the heart. The impulses from the SA node spread across the atria, causing them to contract, and are then transmitted to the Atrioventricular (AV) node, Bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers to coordinate ventricular contraction. Normal rate of SA node firing: ~70–75 impulses per minute (in a healthy adult at rest). In case of SA node failure: Artificial pacemakers are implanted to maintain normal rhythm.

ID: REF-0242 LEVEL: A1

Q: The function of Kidney is to:

A. A: Purify blood

B. B: Fight against infection

C. C: Digest the food

D. D: None of these

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Purify blood ] Remark:Explanation: The main function of the kidneys is to purify blood by removing waste products, excess salts, and extra water from the body in the form of urine. Each kidney contains about one million nephrons, which are the structural and functional units responsible for blood filtration. The kidneys also help in maintaining the acid-base balance, water balance, and blood pressure, and play a role in hormone secretion such as erythropoietin (for RBC production).

ID: REF-0243 LEVEL: A1

Q: Parasites which initiate production of antibodies within hosts are termed as

A. A: Homoparasites

B. B: Zooparasites

C. C: Pathogenic parasites

D. D: Endoparasies

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Pathogenic parasites ] Remark:Explanation: Pathogenic parasites are those that invade the host’s body and cause disease. The presence of these harmful organisms stimulates the host’s immune system to produce antibodies that help neutralize or destroy the pathogens. Examples include Plasmodium (causes malaria) and Trypanosoma (causes sleeping sickness).

ID: REF-0244 LEVEL: A1

Q: The phenomenon of radioactivity was discovered by:

A. A: Marie Curie

B. B: Pierre Curie

C. C: Henri Becquerel

D. D: J J Thomson

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Henri Becquerel ] Remark:Explanation: The phenomenon of radioactivity was discovered by the French physicist Henri Becquerel in 1896. He accidentally discovered that uranium salts emitted invisible rays that could fog photographic plates, even without sunlight. This led to the realization that certain elements spontaneously emit radiations — a property later termed as radioactivity. Subsequently, Marie and Pierre Curie expanded his work and discovered other radioactive elements like polonium and radium.

ID: REF-0245 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following cell organelles is referred to as the 'suicidal bags' or 'disposal units' ?

A. A: Lysosome

B. B: Peroxisomes

C. C: Glyoxisomes

D. D: Mitochondria

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Lysosome ] Remark:Explanation: Lysosomes are known as the ‘suicidal bags’ or ‘disposal units’ of the cell because they contain powerful hydrolytic enzymes capable of breaking down worn-out cell organelles, foreign substances, and even the entire cell when it becomes damaged or diseased.

ID: REF-0246 LEVEL: A1

Q: Plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells is made up of:

A. A: Phospholipid

B. B: Lipoprotein

C. C: Phospholipo-protein

D. D: Phospho-protein

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Phospholipid ] Remark:Explanation: The plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells is mainly made up of a phospholipid bilayer arranged in a fluid mosaic model. Each phospholipid molecule consists of a hydrophilic (water-attracting) head and hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails. This arrangement creates a semi-permeable barrier that regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell. Embedded proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates contribute to transport, signaling, and membrane stability.

ID: REF-0247 LEVEL: A1

Q: dolomite is used in which field?

A. A: Soil conditioner

B. B: Pasteurization

C. C: Dynamite

D. D: Synthetic rubber

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Soil conditioner ] Remark:

ID: REF-0248 LEVEL: A1

Q: A fan produces a feeling of comfort during hot weather because:

A. A: fan supplies cool air

B. B: our body radiates more heat in air

C. C: conductivity of air increases

D. D: our perspiration evaporates rapidly

KEY: Correct Option: D [ our perspiration evaporates rapidly ] Remark:Explanation: A fan provides a feeling of comfort during hot weather because it increases the rate of evaporation of sweat from our skin. As the perspiration evaporates rapidly due to moving air, it absorbs heat from the body, producing a cooling effect and making us feel more comfortable.

ID: REF-0249 LEVEL: A1

Q: Pure gold is of

A. A: 24 Carat

B. B: 18 Carat

C. C: 22 Carat

D. D: None of these

KEY: Correct Option: A [ 24 Carat ] Remark:A "carat" is a unit of measurement used to express the weight of gemstones, particularly diamonds and gold etc.

ID: REF-0250 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following is the best conductor of heat ?

A. A: mercury

B. B: silver

C. C: leather

D. D: benzene

KEY: Correct Option: B [ silver ] Remark:Silver is the best conductor of heat among the given options. It efficiently transfers heat due to the presence of free electrons that move easily within its metallic structure. Because of this property, silver is used in high-quality thermal equipment and electrical contacts.Mercury: A metal but conducts heat less effectively than silver.Leather and Benzene: Poor conductors of heat (insulators).

ID: REF-0251 LEVEL: A1

Q: Where is 'Dakshin Gangotri' located ?

A. A: South Pole

B. B: Himalaya

C. C: Uttarakhand

D. D: Antarctica

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Antarctica ] Remark:Explanation: Dakshin Gangotri is India’s first scientific research station established in Antarctica in 1983–84. It was set up by the Indian Antarctic Programme under the National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR). Located about 2,500 km from the South Pole, it served as a base for scientific studies related to glaciology, meteorology, and environmental sciences. Though it is now buried under ice and functions as a supply base, it marked India’s permanent presence in Antarctica. Later stations include Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012).

ID: REF-0252 LEVEL: A1

Q: The optimum dissolved oxygen level (in mg/litre) required for survival of aquatic organism is:

A. A: 4-6

B. B: 2-4

C. C: 8-10

D. D: 12-16

KEY: Correct Option: A [ 4-6 ] Remark:Explanation: Dissolved oxygen (DO) is the amount of oxygen available in water for aquatic organisms to breathe. For the healthy survival of most aquatic life, the DO level should be between 4 and 6 mg/L. Levels below 3 mg/L can lead to stress or suffocation, especially for fish and aerobic microorganisms. Higher DO levels are typical of clean, cold, and well-aerated waters, while polluted or stagnant waters often have lower oxygen levels due to organic decay. Factors Affecting DO Levels: Temperature (higher temperature = lower DO) Organic pollution and bacterial activity Photosynthesis by aquatic plants and algae Water turbulence and aeration

ID: REF-0253 LEVEL: A1

Q: The branch of medical science that deals with diseases and problems specific to old people is:

A. A: Cytology

B. B: Geology

C. C: Gerontology

D. D: Zoology

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Gerontology ] Remark:Explanation: Gerontology is the branch of medical and biological science that deals with the study of aging and the diseases and problems specific to old age. It focuses on understanding the physical, mental, and social changes that occur in elderly individuals, as well as methods to promote healthy aging. Gerontology includes aspects of geriatrics, which specifically involves the medical care and treatment of elderly patients.

ID: REF-0254 LEVEL: A1

Q: Ocean thermal energy is due to:

A. A: tides in the ocean

B. B: pressure difference at different levels in the ocean

C. C: temperature difference at different levels in the ocean

D. D: energy stored by waves in the ocean

KEY: Correct Option: C [ temperature difference at different levels in the ocean ] Remark:Ocean Thermal Energy (OTE) is produced due to the temperature difference at different levels in the ocean. The surface water is warmer because it absorbs sunlight, while the deeper layers remain cold. This temperature gradient is used to run a heat engine that generates electricity — a process known as Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC).Tides: Related to gravitational pull, not temperature.Pressure difference: Exists but not used for energy generation.Waves: Used in wave energy systems, not OTEC.

ID: REF-0255 LEVEL: A1

Q: PINAKA often seen in news, is a / an:

A. A: Anti-submarine torpedo and research vehicle

B. B: Aircraft carrier

C. C: Multi barrel Rocket Launch (MBRL) system

D. D: Guided missile frigate submarine warship

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Multi barrel Rocket Launch (MBRL) system ] Remark:PINAKA is an indigenously developed Multi Barrel Rocket Launch (MBRL) system designed and produced by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) of India. It is capable of firing a salvo of rockets to deliver explosive warheads over large areas with high accuracy. Pinaka is primarily used by the Indian Army for long-range artillery support and has a range of up to 75 km in its upgraded version (Pinaka Mk-II). Other options (for context) Anti-submarine torpedo and research vehicle: Refers to underwater weapon systems, not related to Pinaka. Aircraft carrier: A large naval vessel capable of carrying aircraft; Pinaka is not a ship. Guided missile frigate submarine warship: Refers to naval warships, not a land-based rocket launcher.

ID: REF-0256 LEVEL: A1

Q: Red blood corpuscles are formed in:

A. A: Heart

B. B: Bone marrow

C. C: Liver

D. D: Kidney

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Bone marrow ] Remark:Red Blood Corpuscles (RBCs), also known as erythrocytes, are formed in the bone marrow. Specifically, they are produced in the red bone marrow of large bones through a process called erythropoiesis. The hormone erythropoietin, secreted mainly by the kidneys, regulates this process. Mature RBCs are responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to body tissues using the pigment hemoglobin. Other options (for context) Heart: Pumps blood but does not produce blood cells. Liver: In adults, it does not form RBCs (though it does in the fetal stage). Kidney: Produces erythropoietin hormone but not RBCs directly.

ID: REF-0257 LEVEL: A1

Q: What is the other name for Vitamin B2 ?

A. A: Haemoglobin

B. B: Dextrose

C. C: Thiamine

D. D: Riboflavin

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Riboflavin ] Remark:Explanation: Vitamin B2 is also known as Riboflavin. It is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a vital role in the body’s energy production and cellular function. Riboflavin acts as a coenzyme in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, helping to convert food into energy. It is also essential for maintaining healthy skin, eyes, and nerve functions. A deficiency of Vitamin B₂ can lead to cracked lips, sore throat, and inflammation of the tongue (a condition known as ariboflavinosis).

ID: REF-0258 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which one of the following is called the 'power house' of the cell ?

A. A: Golgi body

B. B: Mitochondrion

C. C: Ribosome

D. D: Lysosome

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Mitochondrion ] Remark:Explanation: Mitochondria are double-membraned organelles found in almost all eukaryotic cells. They are known as the 'power house of the cell' because they generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through the process of cellular respiration. The inner membrane forms folds called cristae, which increase the surface area for enzyme activity related to energy production. Mitochondria also contain their own DNA and ribosomes, enabling them to produce some of their own proteins. Key Reaction: Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + ATP

ID: REF-0259 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following can cause depletion of Ozone layer ?

A. A: Hydrogen Sulphide

B. B: Smoke

C. C: Aerosols

D. D: Hydrogen gas

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Aerosols ] Remark:Explanation: Aerosols (such as those used in spray cans, refrigerants, and air conditioners) often contain chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other halogen compounds. These chemicals rise to the stratosphere, where ultraviolet (UV) radiation breaks them down, releasing chlorine atoms. Each chlorine atom can destroy thousands of ozone (O₃) molecules, leading to ozone layer depletion. The thinning of the ozone layer allows more harmful UV rays to reach Earth, increasing the risk of skin cancer, eye damage, and affecting ecosystems.

ID: REF-0260 LEVEL: A1

Q: A Barometer can be used for : 1)Measuring atmospheric pressure 2)Determining altitudes 3)Measuring density of liquid 4)Weather forecasting

A. A: 1 only

B. B: 1,2 and 4 only

C. C: 1 and 4 only

D. D: 4 only

KEY: Correct Option: B [ 1,2 and 4 only ] Remark:Explanation: A barometer is an instrument used primarily for measuring atmospheric pressure. It helps in weather forecasting and determining altitudes (since atmospheric pressure decreases with height). A mercury barometer consists of a glass tube filled with mercury inverted in a mercury reservoir. When air pressure changes, the height of the mercury column changes accordingly. However, a barometer cannot measure the density of a liquid — that function is performed by a hydrometer.

ID: REF-0261 LEVEL: A1

Q: Metrology is a science of:

A. A: Wheather

B. B: Measurement

C. C: Distance

D. D: none of these

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Measurement ] Remark:Metrology is the science of measurement. It deals with the establishment of units of measurement, their standards, and the development of new measuring methods and instruments. Metrology ensures accuracy and consistency in measurements across scientific research, engineering, manufacturing, and trade. It is broadly classified into three types — scientific metrology, industrial metrology, and legal metrology. Other options (for context) Weather: The study of weather and atmosphere is called Meteorology, not Metrology. Distance: Measuring distance is just one aspect of metrology, not its entire scope. None of these: Incorrect — metrology specifically refers to measurement science.

ID: REF-0262 LEVEL: A1

Q: What is the S.I. unit of electric current?

A. A: Volt

B. B: Watt

C. C: Ampere

D. D: Ohm

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Ampere ] Remark:Explanation: The S.I. unit of electric current is the Ampere (A). It is defined as the rate of flow of electric charge through a conductor. One ampere equals one coulomb of charge passing through a point in one second.

ID: REF-0263 LEVEL: A1

Q: What is the meaning of the word 'Tsunami' in Japanese?

A. A: High waves

B. B: Destructive waves

C. C: Harbour waves

D. D: none of these

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Harbour wave ] Remark:Indian Ocean Tsunami occurred on 26 December, 2004 with an epicentre off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia.

ID: REF-0264 LEVEL: A1

Q: Parasites which initiate production of antibodies within hosts are termed as

A. A: Homoparasites

B. B: Zooparasites

C. C: Pathogenic parasites

D. D: Endoparasies

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Pathogenic parasites ] Remark:Explanation: Pathogenic parasites are those that invade the host’s body and cause disease. The presence of these harmful organisms stimulates the host’s immune system to produce antibodies that help neutralize or destroy the pathogens. Examples include Plasmodium (causes malaria) and Trypanosoma (causes sleeping sickness).

ID: REF-0265 LEVEL: A1

Q: A heavy stone appears to be lighter in water. This is due to

A. A: Upward pressure of water

B. B: Downward pressure of water

C. C: Lateral pressure of water

D. D: None of these

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Upward pressure of water ] Remark:Explanation: A heavy stone appears lighter when immersed in water because of the upward pressure or buoyant force exerted by the water. This phenomenon is explained by Archimedes’ Principle, which states that a body immersed in a fluid experiences an upward force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by it. The greater the volume of the object submerged, the greater the buoyant force acting on it. Hence, the stone seems lighter in water, even though its actual mass remains the same.

ID: REF-0266 LEVEL: A1

Q: dolomite is used in which field?

A. A: Soil conditioner

B. B: Pasteurization

C. C: Dynamite

D. D: Synthetic rubber

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Soil conditioner ] Remark:

ID: REF-0267 LEVEL: A1

Q: What is the main property of mercury for using it in a clinical thermometer?

A. A: Good conductor of heat

B. B: High density

C. C: Good conductor of electricity

D. D: Easily available

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Good conductor of heat ] Remark:Explanation: Mercury is used in clinical thermometers mainly because it is a good conductor of heat, allowing it to quickly reach the temperature of the patient’s body. Additionally, it has a uniform rate of expansion, remains liquid over a wide temperature range, and has a shiny appearance for easy visibility of the reading.

ID: REF-0268 LEVEL: A1

Q: Malaria is transmitted from one person to another by:

A. A: Aedes Mosquito

B. B: Culex Mosquito

C. C: Anopheles Mosquito

D. D: All of the above

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Anopheles Mosquito ] Remark:Explanation: Malaria is caused by the protozoan parasite Plasmodium (species such as *P. vivax*, *P. falciparum*, *P. malariae*, and *P. ovale*). It spreads through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito. The mosquito injects sporozoites (infective stage of *Plasmodium*) into the human bloodstream. These parasites infect liver cells, multiply, and later invade red blood cells, causing symptoms like fever, chills, and

ID: REF-0269 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which micro-organism is responsible for disease Mumps

A. A: Bacteria

B. B: Virus

C. C: Protozoa

D. D: none of these

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Virus ] Remark:Explanation: Mumps is a contagious viral disease caused by the mumps virus, a member of the Paramyxoviridae family (genus Rubulavirus). It primarily affects the salivary glands, especially the parotid glands, leading to painful swelling near the cheeks and jawline. Mode of Transmission: The infection spreads through respiratory droplets or direct contact with saliva from an infected person. Symptoms: Swelling and pain in the parotid glands (below the ears) Fever and headache Muscle pain and fatigue Difficulty in chewing or swallowing Prevention: Mumps can be effectively prevented by the MMR vaccine (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella vaccine).

ID: REF-0270 LEVEL: A1

Q: What is common in AIDS, hepatitis and typhoid fever ?

A. A: All are bacterial disease

B. B: All are water borne diseases

C. C: All are viral disease

D. D: All are spread by human beings

KEY: Correct Option: D [ All are spread by human beings ] Remark:Explanation: AIDS, Hepatitis, and Typhoid fever are all diseases that can be spread by human beings. While AIDS and Hepatitis are viral diseases and Typhoid is a bacterial disease, all three are transmitted through contact with infected individuals or their body fluids, making human-to-human transmission common.

ID: REF-0271 LEVEL: A1

Q: Ramsar Convention is for the conservation of:

A. A: Mountain

B. B: Grassland

C. C: Forest

D. D: Wetland

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Wetland ] Remark:The Ramsar Convention is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands. Signed in 1971 at Ramsar, Iran, it aims to preserve wetlands as habitats for biodiversity, especially for migratory birds. It promotes wise use of wetland ecosystems through local and national actions.Mountain: Conserved under other ecological programs.Grassland: Managed under terrestrial biodiversity initiatives.Forest: Covered under the UN Forest Forum, not Ramsar.

ID: REF-0272 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which is the largest part of the human brain ?

A. A: Medulla Oblongata

B. B: Cerebellum

C. C: Cerebellum

D. D: none of them

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Cerebellum ] Remark:Explanation: The Cerebrum forms about 80% of the total brain mass. It is divided into two hemispheres and is responsible for higher brain functions such as thought, action, reasoning, and emotion. The Cerebellum lies below it and controls coordination and balance, while the Medulla oblongata manages vital involuntary functions.

ID: REF-0273 LEVEL: A1

Q: In which of the following processes energy is released ?

A. A: respiration

B. B: photosynthesis

C. C: ingestion

D. D: absorption

KEY: Correct Option: A [ respiration ] Remark:Explanation: Respiration is a biochemical process in which food molecules (mainly glucose) are oxidized to release energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). This energy is then used for various life processes such as movement, growth, repair, and maintenance. Respiration occurs in all living cells and takes place mainly inside the mitochondria. Chemical Equation: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy (ATP) In contrast, photosynthesis stores energy in glucose molecules, while respiration releases that stored energy for cellular use.

ID: REF-0274 LEVEL: A1

Q: When iron rusts, its weight __________

A. A: decreases

B. B: increases

C. C: remains the same

D. D: first increases and then decreases

KEY: Correct Option: B [ increases ] Remark:When iron rusts, its weight increases. This is because rusting is a chemical reaction between iron, oxygen, and moisture from the air, forming hydrated iron(III) oxide (Fe₂O₃·xH₂O). During this process, oxygen atoms from the air combine with the iron, adding extra mass to the metal surface in the form of rust. However, while the weight increases, the structural strength of the iron decreases due to corrosion. Other options (for context) Decreases: Incorrect — mass increases due to the addition of oxygen. Remains the same: Incorrect — oxygen from air chemically adds to iron, increasing total mass. First increases and then decreases: Not applicable — in normal rusting, weight continues to increase until the surface flakes off.

ID: REF-0275 LEVEL: A1

Q: Persistence of vision is the principle behind:

A. A: Camera

B. B: Binocular

C. C: Cinema

D. D: Periscope

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Cinema ] Remark:

ID: REF-0276 LEVEL: A1

Q: Sound causes hazardous noise pollution at decibels:

A. A: Above 50

B. B: Above 80

C. C: Above 100

D. D: Above 130

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Above 80 ] Remark:Sound becomes hazardous and causes noise pollution when its intensity exceeds 80 decibels (dB). Prolonged exposure to such high noise levels can lead to hearing loss, stress, sleep disturbances, and other health problems. Common sources include heavy traffic, loudspeakers, machinery, and construction activities. Sounds above 120 dB can cause immediate ear damage or pain. Other options (for context) Above 50 dB: Considered moderate — typical of normal conversation or office noise. Above 100 dB: Very loud and potentially painful, but 80 dB is the threshold for long-term hazard. Above 130 dB: Extremely loud, causes immediate physical pain and ear damage.

ID: REF-0277 LEVEL: A1

Q: India's first supercomputer is known as:

A. A: SAGA

B. B: PARAM 8000

C. C: EKA

D. D: PARAM YUVA

KEY: Correct Option: B [ PARAM 8000 ] Remark:Explanation: PARAM 8000 is India's first supercomputer, developed in 1991 by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) under the leadership of Dr. Vijay Bhatkar. It marked India’s entry into high-performance computing and was capable of 1 GigaFLOP (one billion calculations per second).

ID: REF-0278 LEVEL: A1

Q: Sericuluture is a rearing practice of :

A. A: Fishes

B. B: Silk worm

C. C: Honey bees

D. D: Earth worm

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Silk worm ] Remark:Sericulture is the rearing and cultivation of silkworms for the production of silk. The process involves raising silkworms on mulberry leaves, harvesting their cocoons, and then extracting silk fibers from these cocoons. The most commonly used silkworm species is Bombyx mori. Sericulture is an important cottage industry in countries like India, China, and Japan. Other options (for context) Fishes: Their rearing is called Pisciculture. Honey bees: Their rearing is called Apiculture. Earth worms: Their cultivation for composting is called Vermiculture.

ID: REF-0279 LEVEL: A1

Q: According to ISRO, Chandrayaan-2 moon mission will explore which area of the moon ?

A. A: Moon North Pole

B. B: Moon South Pole

C. C: Moon North-West part

D. D: Unexplored part of the Moon

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Moon South Pole ] Remark:Chandrayaan-2, launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on 22 July 2019, was designed to explore the South Pole region of the Moon. This area is of great scientific interest because it is permanently shadowed and may contain water ice and other valuable minerals. The mission included an orbiter, a lander (Vikram), and a rover (Pragyan), making it India’s first attempt at a soft landing on the lunar surface near the south pole. Other options (for context) Moon North Pole: Not the target area of Chandrayaan-2. Moon North-West part: Incorrect — Chandrayaan-2 focused specifically on the South Pole. Unexplored part of the Moon: Partly true, but specifically, the unexplored South Pole region was chosen.

ID: REF-0280 LEVEL: A1

Q: Gravitational force is maximum at which of the following place?

A. A: At equator

B. B: At tropic of cancer

C. C: At tropic of Capricorn

D. D: At poles

KEY: Correct Option: D [ At poles ] Remark:The gravitational force of the Earth is maximum at the poles and minimum at the equator. This happens because the Earth is not a perfect sphere; it is slightly flattened at the poles and bulged at the equator due to its rotation. The distance from the center of the Earth to the poles is slightly less than that to the equator, resulting in a stronger gravitational pull at the poles. Other options (for context) At equator: Gravity is slightly weaker because of the Earth's bulge and centrifugal force due to rotation. At tropic of cancer: Gravity here is intermediate, not maximum. At tropic of Capricorn: Same as the Tropic of Cancer — gravity is moderate, not maximum.

ID: REF-0281 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following diseases is not caused by bacteria?

A. A: Cholera

B. B: Typhoid

C. C: Tuberculosis

D. D: Chickungunya

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Chickungunya ] Remark:Explanation: Chikungunya is a viral disease caused by the Chikungunya virus, which belongs to the Togaviridae family. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. The disease causes sudden fever, joint pain, headache, and rash. In contrast, cholera (caused by Vibrio cholerae), typhoid (by Salmonella typhi), and tuberculosis (by Mycobacterium tuberculosis) are all bacterial diseases.

ID: REF-0282 LEVEL: A1

Q: 'Mirage' is an example of:

A. A: refraction of light only

B. B: total internal reflection of light only

C. C: refraction and total internal reflection of light

D. D: dispersion of light only

KEY: Correct Option: C [ refraction and total internal reflection of light ] Remark:Explanation: A mirage is an optical illusion caused by both refraction and total internal reflection of light. It occurs when light rays bend due to temperature variations in air layers near the ground, creating the illusion of water or a reflected image on hot surfaces like roads or deserts.

ID: REF-0283 LEVEL: A1

Q: Ozone layer is situated in the upper regions of

A. A: Troposphere

B. B: Stratosphere

C. C: Magnetosphere

D. D: Mesosphere

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Stratosphere ] Remark:Explanation: The ozone layer is located in the stratosphere, which is the second layer of the Earth’s atmosphere, lying above the troposphere and extending from about 10 km to 50 km above the Earth’s surface. The ozone layer contains a high concentration of ozone gas (O₃), which absorbs most of the Sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This protective shield prevents genetic damage, skin cancer, and other harmful effects on living organisms.

ID: REF-0284 LEVEL: A1

Q: Fathom is unit of:

A. A: Depth

B. B: Distance

C. C: Frequency

D. D: Sound

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Depth ] Remark:Explanation: Fathom is a unit used to measure depth, particularly the depth of water in oceans and seas. One fathom is equal to 6 feet or approximately 1.83 meters. It is commonly used in navigation and marine studies.

ID: REF-0285 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following is not a property of acids ?

A. A: All acids have sour taste

B. B: All acids are corrosive in nature

C. C: For acidic solutions pH = <7

D. D: Acids tum red litmus to blue

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Acids tum red litmus to blue ] Remark:Explanation: Acids do not turn red litmus to blue; they turn blue litmus paper red. Acids are sour in taste, corrosive in nature, and have a pH value less than 7. The statement that acids turn red litmus to blue is incorrect.

ID: REF-0286 LEVEL: A1

Q: Rainbow is formed due to a combination of:

A. A: refraction and absorption

B. B: dispersion and diffraction

C. C: refraction and scattering

D. D: dispersion and total internal reflection

KEY: Correct Option: D [ dispersion and total internal re?ection ] Remark:Explanation: A rainbow is formed due to the dispersion of sunlight into its constituent colors and total internal reflection inside water droplets in the atmosphere. The light entering a droplet is refracted, reflected internally, and then refracted again as it exits, producing the beautiful spectrum of colors.

ID: REF-0287 LEVEL: A1

Q: How many bones are there in each hand of an adult human being?

A. A: 19

B. B: 27

C. C: 37

D. D: none of these

KEY: Correct Option: B [ 27 ] Remark:8 carpal bones (Wrist). 5 metacarpal bones (Palm). 12 phalanges (Fingers). 02 sesamoid bones at the base of the thumb. total to 27 bones in each hand.. Adult Human Body-206,

ID: REF-0288 LEVEL: A1

Q: What is the full form of LAN?

A. A: Line Area Network

B. B: Linear Area Network

C. C: Local Area Network

D. D: Land Area Network

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Local Area Network ] Remark:The full form of LAN is Local Area Network. It is a network that connects computers and devices within a limited geographical area such as a home, office, school, or building. LANs enable data sharing, resource sharing (like printers or internet connections), and communication between connected devices. Common technologies used in LANs include Ethernet and Wi-Fi. Other options (for context) Line Area Network: Incorrect — not a recognized networking term. Linear Area Network: Incorrect — there is no such standard network type. Land Area Network: Incorrect — misinterpretation of LAN abbreviation.

ID: REF-0289 LEVEL: A1

Q: When a bus starts suddenly, the passengers sitting in the bus lean backward. This is because of :

A. A: Inertia of rest

B. B: Inertia of motion

C. C: Momentum

D. D: Gravity of the earth

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Inertia of rest ] Remark:Explanation: When a bus starts suddenly, the passengers tend to lean backward due to the inertia of rest. Inertia is the tendency of a body to resist any change in its state of motion or rest. The lower part of the passenger’s body moves forward with the bus as it starts, but the upper part of the body tends to remain at rest momentarily. This makes the passenger appear to fall backward relative to the bus. It is a clear example of Newton’s First Law of Motion.

ID: REF-0290 LEVEL: A1

Q: Ringworm is a ___________ disease.

A. A: bacterial

B. B: protozoan

C. C: viral

D. D: fungal

KEY: Correct Option: D [ fungal ] Remark:Explanation: Ringworm (also known as Dermatophytosis or Tinea infection) is a fungal skin disease. It appears as red, circular, itchy patches on the skin, scalp, or nails. Despite its name, it is not caused by a worm but by a fungus that grows on keratinized tissues such as skin, hair, and nails. The disease spreads through direct contact with infected individuals, animals, or contaminated objects. Common Types: Tinea capitis: Ringworm of the scalp Tinea corporis: Ringworm of the body Tinea pedis: Athlete’s foot (infection of feet) Tinea cruris: Jock itch (infection of groin area)

ID: REF-0291 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which one of the following is a chemical change?

A. A: Melting of ice

B. B: Magnetising of Iron

C. C: Burning of coal

D. D: None of these

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Burning of coal ] Remark:A chemical change, also called a chemical reaction, happens when substances combine or break apart to form entirely new substances with different properties.

ID: REF-0292 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following is not a renewable source of energy ?

A. A: Natural gas

B. B: Geothermal energy

C. C: Flowing water

D. D: Biomass

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Natural gas ] Remark:Explanation: Natural gas is not a renewable source of energy because it is a fossil fuel formed over millions of years from the remains of plants and animals. Once used, it cannot be replenished quickly. In contrast, geothermal energy, flowing water, and biomass are renewable energy sources that can be naturally regenerated.

ID: REF-0293 LEVEL: A1

Q: Boiling point of water inside a sealed pressure cooker is:

A. A: 100℃

B. B: 121℃

C. C: 95℃

D. D: 0℃

KEY: Correct Option: B [ 121℃ ] Remark:Explanation: Inside a sealed pressure cooker, the pressure is higher than atmospheric pressure, which raises the boiling point of water to about 121℃. This allows food to cook faster because water and steam reach higher temperatures than at normal atmospheric pressure.

ID: REF-0294 LEVEL: A1

Q: Penicillin was invented by:

A. A: Christian Bernard

B. B: Alexander Fleming

C. C: Mc Collum

D. D: William Harvey

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Alexander Fleming ] Remark:Explanation: Penicillin was discovered accidentally by Alexander Fleming in 1928 when he observed that a fungal mold, Penicillium notatum, inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus bacteria in his culture plates. Penicillin became the first antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections and saved millions of lives during World War II. Later, scientists like Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain developed methods for its large-scale production.

ID: REF-0295 LEVEL: A1

Q: Fruits of this plant are found underground

A. A: Potato

B. B: Carrot

C. C: Groundnut

D. D: Onion

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Groundnut ] Remark:Explanation: Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) is a leguminous plant that exhibits geocarpy — after fertilization a downward-growing peg pushes the fertilized ovary into the soil and the pod (the fruit) matures below ground. Potato, carrot and onion are underground plant parts but are respectively a tuber (stem), root and bulb — not fruits.

ID: REF-0296 LEVEL: A1

Q: LCD stands for

A. A: Liquid Crystal Display

B. B: Low Current Display

C. C: Light Circuit Display

D. D: None of the above

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Liquid Crystal Display ] Remark:Explanation: LCD stands for Liquid Crystal Display. It is a flat-panel display technology commonly used in televisions, computer monitors, calculators, and smartphones. LCDs use liquid crystals that modulate light to produce images when an electric current is applied.

ID: REF-0297 LEVEL: A1

Q: If a sample of soil is found to have a pH value of 8.25, it is:

A. A: acidic

B. B: neutral

C. C: alkaline

D. D: None of the above

KEY: Correct Option: C [ alkaline ] Remark:

ID: REF-0298 LEVEL: A1

Q: Pituitary gland is located in

A. A: brain

B. B: kidney

C. C: liver

D. D: intestine

KEY: Correct Option: A [ brain ] Remark:Explanation: The pituitary gland is a small, pea-sized endocrine gland located at the base of the brain, just beneath the hypothalamus. It is often called the "master gland" because it secretes several hormones (like growth hormone, TSH, FSH, LH, and prolactin) that control other endocrine glands and various physiological processes.

ID: REF-0299 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which one of the following allows sound waves to travel comparatively faster at 0°C ?

A. A: Water

B. B: Air

C. C: Ice

D. D: Iron

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Iron ] Remark:Explanation: Sound waves travel fastest in solids, slower in liquids, and slowest in gases. This is because the speed of sound depends on the elasticity and density of the medium — it travels faster when particles are tightly packed and can transmit vibrations more efficiently. Among the options, iron (a solid) allows sound to travel much faster (around 5130 m/s) than in water (1500 m/s), ice (3200 m/s), or air (331 m/s at 0°C).

ID: REF-0300 LEVEL: A1

Q: Junk e-mail is also called:

A. A: spam

B. B: spoof

C. C: sniffer script

D. D: spool

KEY: Correct Option: A [ spam ] Remark:Explanation: Unwanted or unsolicited e-mails sent in bulk are called spam. These messages often contain advertisements, phishing links, or malware. They clutter inboxes and can pose security risks. The term “spam” originated from a comedy sketch by Monty Python, where the word was repeatedly used, much like unwanted messages.

ID: REF-0301 LEVEL: A1

Q: Number of spinal nerves in human are:

A. A: 11 pairs

B. B: 27 pairs

C. C: 32 pairs

D. D: 31 pairs

KEY: Correct Option: D [ 31 pairs ] Remark:Explanation: In humans, the spinal cord gives rise to 31 pairs of spinal nerves. Each spinal nerve is a mixed nerve containing both sensory and motor fibers. They are divided into groups based on the region of the vertebral column from which they originate: 8 pairs — Cervical nerves 12 pairs — Thoracic nerves 5 pairs — Lumbar nerves 5 pairs — Sacral nerves 1 pair — Coccygeal nerve These spinal nerves connect the central nervous system (CNS) to different parts of the body, transmitting sensory information to the brain and motor commands to muscles.

ID: REF-0302 LEVEL: A1

Q: The amount of light entering into eye can be controlled and regulated by ___________ .

A. A: Sclera

B. B: cornea

C. C: pupil

D. D: retina

KEY: Correct Option: C [ pupil ] Remark:Explanation: The pupil is the central opening in the iris that regulates the entry of light into the eye. In bright light, the iris contracts, making the pupil smaller (a process called constriction), while in dim light, it enlarges (known as dilation). This automatic adjustment, known as the pupillary reflex, helps protect the retina from excessive light and ensures clear vision in varying light condit

ID: REF-0303 LEVEL: A1

Q: Part of earth where life exist is known as:

A. A: Lithosphere

B. B: Hydrosphere

C. C: Atmosphere

D. D: Biosphere

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Biosphere ] Remark:Explanation: The biosphere is the global sum of all ecosystems — it encompasses every region of Earth where living organisms are found. It includes portions of the lithosphere (land), hydrosphere (water), and atmosphere (air) that support life. The biosphere extends from deep ocean trenches to the lower layers of the atmosphere where microorganisms can survive.

ID: REF-0304 LEVEL: A1

Q: Green muffler is used against which type of pollution ?

A. A: Air

B. B: Noise

C. C: Soil

D. D: Water

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Noise ] Remark:The Green Muffler technique is used to control noise pollution. It involves planting dense rows of trees and shrubs around roads, industrial areas, and public places. The vegetation acts as a natural sound barrier by absorbing, deflecting, and refracting sound waves, thereby reducing the intensity of noise reaching nearby areas. Common plants used for green mufflers include Neem, Ashoka, Ficus, and Cassia. Other options (for context) Air pollution: Controlled by measures like emission filters and afforestation, but not directly by green mufflers. Soil pollution: Managed by waste treatment and reduced chemical use, not vegetation barriers. Water pollution: Controlled by sewage treatment and reducing industrial discharge, not by plants as mufflers.

ID: REF-0305 LEVEL: A1

Q: Normally, the substances that fight against diseases in human body are known as :

A. A: Antibodies

B. B: Deoxyribo nucleic acid

C. C: Ribo nucleic acid

D. D: Enzymes

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Antibodies ] Remark:Explanation: Antibodies (also called immunoglobulins) are specialized proteins produced by B-lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) in response to the presence of foreign substances known as antigens (such as bacteria, viruses, or toxins). These antibodies recognize and bind specifically to the antigens to neutralize or destroy them, helping the body fight infections and build immunity. Antibodies are a vital part of the immune system and form the basis for vaccines and disease resistance.

ID: REF-0306 LEVEL: A1

Q: When a ship ?oats on water:

A. A: it displaces no water

B. B: the mass of water displaced is equal to themass of the ship

C. C: the mass of water displaced is lesser than themass of the ship

D. D: the mass of water displaced is greater thanthe mass of the ship

KEY: Correct Option: B [ the mass of water displaced is equal to themass of the ship ] Remark:Explanation: When a ship floats on water, it displaces a volume of water whose mass is equal to the mass of the ship. This is in accordance with Archimedes’ Principle, which states that an object floats when the buoyant force (equal to the weight of displaced fluid) balances its own weight.

ID: REF-0307 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following colours is not a primary colour ?

A. A: Red

B. B: Yellow

C. C: Green

D. D: Blue

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Yellow ] Remark:Explanation: The primary colours of light are Red, Green, and Blue (RGB). These are the fundamental colours that can be combined in different proportions to produce all other colours in the visible spectrum. Yellow is not a primary colour—it is a secondary colour formed by mixing red and green light. This principle of colour mixing is used in television, computer screens, and other digital displays that use RGB colour models.

ID: REF-0308 LEVEL: A1

Q: Who invented ATM ?

A. A: Luther George Simjian

B. B: Jhon Shepherd Barron

C. C: Douglas Brown

D. D: None of these

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Jhon Shepherd Barron ] Remark:Explanation: The ATM (Automated Teller Machine) was invented by John Shepherd-Barron in 1967. He designed the first cash dispensing machine, which was installed by Barclays Bank in London, UK. The first ATM used special paper vouchers impregnated with a radioactive compound instead of plastic cards. The idea revolutionized the banking sector by allowing people to withdraw money anytime without visiting a bank counter. Modern ATMs now use magnetic or chip-based cards, PIN authentication, and networked systems for secure transactions.

ID: REF-0309 LEVEL: A1

Q: The speed of light will be minimum while passing through :

A. A: Glass

B. B: Vacuum

C. C: Air

D. D: Water

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Glass ] Remark:Explanation: The speed of light is maximum in a vacuum (approximately 3 × 10⁸ m/s) and decreases as it passes through denser media. Among the given options — vacuum, air, water, and glass — light travels slowest in glass because glass has the highest refractive index (around 1.5). The greater the refractive index, the slower the light travels. This slowing down of light causes refraction, or bending of light, when it passes from one medium to another.

ID: REF-0310 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which part is modified as the tusk of elephant?

A. A: canine

B. B: premolar

C. C: second incisor

D. D: molar

KEY: Correct Option: C [ second incisor ] Remark:Explanation: The tusks of elephants are actually modified second upper incisors. They are made primarily of dentine, commonly known as ivory, and covered by a thin layer of enamel at the tip (which wears off with time). Tusks grow continuously throughout the elephant’s life and are used for digging, lifting objects, stripping bark, defense, and dominance displays. Note: Both male and female African elephants have tusks, whereas in Asian elephants, tusks are generally present only in males. Composition: Tusks are composed of dentine (ivory) with fine concentric growth lines, and they grow from sockets in the skull.

ID: REF-0311 LEVEL: A1

Q: The virus infection causes AIDS is known as

A. A: HIV

B. B: HID

C. C: DIV

D. D: None of theses

KEY: Correct Option: A [ HIV ] Remark:Explanation: The disease AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) is caused by the HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). HIV attacks the body’s immune system, specifically the CD4 or T-helper cells, weakening the body’s ability to fight infections and diseases. It spreads through unprotected sexual contact, sharing of infected needles, transfusion of contaminated blood, or from an infected mother to her child during birth or breastfeeding. There is no permanent cure, but antiretroviral therapy (ART) helps control the virus and prolong life.

ID: REF-0312 LEVEL: A1

Q: Seismology is the science of :

A. A: Atmosphere

B. B: Earthquake

C. C: Fossil

D. D: Silkworm breeding

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Earthquake ] Remark:Explanation: Seismology is the branch of geophysics that deals with the study of earthquakes and the propagation of seismic waves through the Earth. Scientists who study earthquakes are called seismologists. Seismology helps in understanding the origin, intensity, and effects of earthquakes, as well as the internal structure of the Earth. The intensity of an earthquake is measured using instruments like the seismograph and scales such as the Richter scale or Moment Magnitude scale.

ID: REF-0313 LEVEL: A1

Q: ISRO was establish in which year?

A. A: 1976

B. B: 1966

C. C: 1969

D. D: 1970

KEY: Correct Option: C [ 1969 ] Remark:

ID: REF-0314 LEVEL: A1

Q: The HIV virus affects the:

A. A: Leucocytes

B. B: Lymphocytes

C. C: Erythrocytes

D. D: None of these

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Lymphocytes ] Remark:Explanation: The HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) primarily attacks the lymphocytes, especially the CD4⁺ T-helper cells of the immune system. This weakens the body’s defense mechanism, making it vulnerable to various infections and diseases, eventually leading to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome).

ID: REF-0315 LEVEL: A1

Q: What is the scientific name of vitamin A

A. A: Retinol

B. B: Riboflavin

C. C: Ascorbic acid

D. D: Calciferol

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Retinol ] Remark:Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for various biological processes, including vision, immune system function, and skin health.

ID: REF-0316 LEVEL: A1

Q: What is the purpose of 'Anemometer'?

A. A: To measure blood pressure.

B. B: To measure the velocity and to find the direction of wind.

C. C: To measure altitude.

D. D: none of these.

KEY: Correct Option: B [ To measure the velocity and to find the direction of wind. ] Remark:Explanation: An anemometer is a meteorological instrument used to measure wind speed and direction. It is an essential tool in weather stations, aviation, and marine forecasting. Working Principle: The cup anemometer has three or four cups that rotate with the wind. The rotation speed is proportional to wind velocity. Advanced types also detect wind direction. Types of Anemometers: Cup: Measures wind speed using rotating cups. Vane: Measures both speed and direction. Hot-wire: Uses heat loss to measure air flow. Ultrasonic: Uses sound waves for precise measurement.

ID: REF-0317 LEVEL: A1

Q: Monitor of a computer is:

A. A: Input device

B. B: Output device

C. C: Input/Output device

D. D: None of these

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Output device ] Remark:Explanation: A monitor is an output device that displays text, images, and videos generated by the computer. It allows users to visually view the processed data. Common types of monitors include LCD, LED, and OLED screens.

ID: REF-0318 LEVEL: A1

Q: What does the airbag, used for safety of car driver, contain?

A. A: Sodium bicarbonate

B. B: Sodium azide

C. C: Sodium nitrite

D. D: Sodium peroxide

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Sodium azide ] Remark:

ID: REF-0319 LEVEL: A1

Q: An electric bulb has a filament made of

A. A: Boron carbide

B. B: Tungsten

C. C: Tantalum

D. D: Rhenium

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Tungsten ] Remark:Explanation: The filament of an electric bulb is made of tungsten because it has a very high melting point of about 3380°C and good tensile strength. When electric current passes through it, tungsten glows brightly without melting, converting electrical energy into light and heat. It also has low vapour pressure, which prevents quick evaporation of the filament even at high temperatures, ensuring longer bulb life.

ID: REF-0320 LEVEL: A1

Q: Sodium stearate is a salt and is used?

A. A: in gunpowder

B. B: in Paint

C. C: to make Soap

D. D: to make fertilizer

KEY: Correct Option: C [ to make Soap ] Remark:

ID: REF-0321 LEVEL: A1

Q: Ozone hole refers to :

A. A: hole in Ozone layer

B. B: decrease in the Ozone layer

C. C: decrease in thickness of Ozone layer

D. D: increase in thickness of Ozone layer

KEY: Correct Option: C [ decrease in thickness of Ozone layer ] Remark:Explanation: The term "Ozone hole" does not mean an actual hole but refers to a significant decrease in the thickness of the ozone layer in the Earth's stratosphere. This thinning occurs mainly over the Antarctic region during spring (September–November) due to chemical reactions involving chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other ozone-depleting substances. These chemicals release chlorine and bromine atoms, which destroy ozone (O₃) molecules. The thinning allows more harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation to reach the Earth's surface, causing health and environmental hazards.

ID: REF-0322 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following is the best conductor of heat ?

A. A: mercury

B. B: silver

C. C: leather

D. D: benzene

KEY: Correct Option: B [ silver ] Remark:Silver is the best conductor of heat among the given options. It efficiently transfers heat due to the presence of free electrons that move easily within its metallic structure. Because of this property, silver is used in high-quality thermal equipment and electrical contacts.Mercury: A metal but conducts heat less effectively than silver.Leather and Benzene: Poor conductors of heat (insulators).

ID: REF-0323 LEVEL: A1

Q: Where is 'Dakshin Gangotri' located ?

A. A: South Pole

B. B: Himalaya

C. C: Uttarakhand

D. D: Antarctica

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Antarctica ] Remark:Explanation: Dakshin Gangotri is India’s first scientific research station established in Antarctica in 1983–84. It was set up by the Indian Antarctic Programme under the National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR). Located about 2,500 km from the South Pole, it served as a base for scientific studies related to glaciology, meteorology, and environmental sciences. Though it is now buried under ice and functions as a supply base, it marked India’s permanent presence in Antarctica. Later stations include Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012).

ID: REF-0324 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which microorganism is responsible for Dengue fever?

A. A: Fungi

B. B: Viruses

C. C: Bacteria

D. D: Protozoa

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Viruses ] Remark:Explanation: Dengue fever is caused by the Dengue virus, which belongs to the Flavivirus group. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected Aedes aegypti mosquito. The virus multiplies in the blood and causes symptoms such as high fever, severe headache, joint and muscle pain, rashes, and low platelet count. In severe cases, it can lead to Dengue hemorrhagic fever or Dengue shock syndrome. Prevention includes controlling mosquito breeding and avoiding mosquito bites.

ID: REF-0325 LEVEL: A1

Q: The layer of the atmosphere in which Radio Waves are reflected back is called:

A. A: Exosphere

B. B: Ionosphere

C. C: Troposphere

D. D: Stratosphere

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Ionosphere ] Remark:

ID: REF-0326 LEVEL: A1

Q: What is condensation?

A. A: Change of Solid into liquid

B. B: Change of vapour into liquid

C. C: Change of Liquid into Gas

D. D: None of these

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Change of vapour into liquid ] Remark:

ID: REF-0327 LEVEL: A1

Q: The art and science of map making is called:

A. A: remote sensing

B. B: cartography

C. C: photogrammetry

D. D: mapping

KEY: Correct Option: B [ cartography ] Remark:

ID: REF-0328 LEVEL: A1

Q: The brain of any computer system is:

A. A: ALU

B. B: Memory

C. C: Control unit

D. D: CPU

KEY: Correct Option: D [ CPU ] Remark:The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is known as the brain of the computer. It performs all major operations such as processing data, executing instructions, and controlling other components. The CPU consists of two main parts — the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) for calculations and the Control Unit (CU) for directing operations.ALU: Handles arithmetic and logic operations only.Memory: Stores data and instructions, but doesn’t process them.Control Unit: Directs the flow of data but works as part of the CPU.

ID: REF-0329 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following colours is not seen in a rainbow ?

A. A: Yellow

B. B: Green

C. C: Red

D. D: Brown

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Brown ] Remark:Brown is not seen in a rainbow. A natural rainbow displays seven distinct colours — Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange, and Red (VIBGYOR). These colours appear due to the dispersion of sunlight by water droplets in the atmosphere, but brown is not part of the visible spectrum formed by dispersion.Yellow, Green, Red: All are part of the seven colours of the rainbow.

ID: REF-0330 LEVEL: A1

Q: Brass gets discoloured in air due to constant exposure in presence of:

A. A: Aluminium sulphide

B. B: Aluminium phosphide

C. C: Hydrogen sulphide

D. D: Hydrogenated wafers

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Hydrogen sulphide ] Remark:Explanation: Brass, an alloy of copper and zinc, gets discoloured when exposed to air containing hydrogen sulphide (H₂S). The H₂S reacts with the metal surface to form a dark layer of metal sulphides (mainly copper sulphide), causing tarnishing and loss of shine.

ID: REF-0331 LEVEL: A1

Q: The bats can fly in the dark because:

A. A: they can see the objects in darkness

B. B: they have weak legs and are likely to be attacked by predators

C. C: they generate flashes of light

D. D: they generate ultrasonic sound waves

KEY: Correct Option: D [ they generate ultrasonic sound waves ] Remark:

ID: REF-0332 LEVEL: A1

Q: Montreal Protocol is related to:

A. A: Ozone depletion

B. B: Bio-diversity

C. C: Biological weapons

D. D: European Community

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Ozone depletion ] Remark:Explanation: The Montreal Protocol, signed in 1987, is an international agreement aimed at protecting the ozone layer by phasing out the production and use of ozone-depleting substances (ODS) such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons. It is one of the most successful environmental treaties in history.

ID: REF-0333 LEVEL: A1

Q: Quality of petrol is expressed in:

A. A: Gold number

B. B: Cetane number

C. C: Methane number

D. D: Octane number

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Octane number ] Remark:Explanation: The quality of petrol (gasoline) is measured by its octane number, which indicates the fuel's resistance to knocking (premature ignition) in an internal combustion engine; a higher octane number gives better performance and smoother operation.

ID: REF-0334 LEVEL: A1

Q: Aryabhatta was a famous ________ of ancient India.

A. A: Doctor

B. B: Poet

C. C: Physicist

D. D: Mathematician

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Mathematician ] Remark:Aryabhatta was a renowned mathematician and astronomer of ancient India. He lived during the Gupta period (around 476–550 CE) and authored the famous work Aryabhatiya. Aryabhatta introduced the concept of zero (0) and explained the place value system. He also proposed that the Earth rotates on its axis and correctly explained solar and lunar eclipses. Other options (for context) Doctor: No historical evidence of Aryabhatta being a physician. Poet: Although his works were written in verse form, his main field was mathematics and astronomy. Physicist: The term did not exist in his time; however, his scientific thinking laid foundations for later studies.

ID: REF-0335 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which one of the following is called the 'power house' of the cell ?

A. A: Golgi body

B. B: Mitochondrion

C. C: Ribosome

D. D: Lysosome

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Mitochondrion ] Remark:Explanation: Mitochondria are double-membraned organelles found in almost all eukaryotic cells. They are known as the 'power house of the cell' because they generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through the process of cellular respiration. The inner membrane forms folds called cristae, which increase the surface area for enzyme activity related to energy production. Mitochondria also contain their own DNA and ribosomes, enabling them to produce some of their own proteins. Key Reaction: Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + ATP

ID: REF-0336 LEVEL: A1

Q: In which part of the human body carpal bones are found ?

A. A: Wrist

B. B: Femur

C. C: Neck

D. D: None of these

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Wrist ] Remark:Explanation: Carpal bones are the eight small bones that make up the wrist (also known as the carpus) in the human skeletal system. These bones are arranged in two rows — a proximal row (closer to the forearm) and a distal row (closer to the hand). They connect the bones of the forearm (radius and ulna) to the bones of the hand (metacarpals) and allow for the flexibility and movement of the wrist. The carpals are essential for various hand motions like bending, rotation, and gripping.

ID: REF-0337 LEVEL: A1

Q: The sky looks blue due to

A. A: Dispersion of Sunlight

B. B: Scattering of Sunlight

C. C: Refraction of Sunlight

D. D: None of these

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Scattering of Sunlight ] Remark:The scattering of sunlight is a phenomenon that occurs when sunlight interacts with particles or molecules in the Earth's atmosphere, causing the light to change direction and spread out in various directions.

ID: REF-0338 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which gas in its solid state is also known as dry ice?

A. A: Nitrogen

B. B: Carbon dioxide

C. C: Oxygen

D. D: Hydrogen

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Carbon dioxide ] Remark:

ID: REF-0339 LEVEL: A1

Q: Red data book contains data of which of the following?

A. A: All plant species

B. B: All animal species

C. C: All endangered species

D. D: All extinct species

KEY: Correct Option: C [ All endangered species ] Remark:The Red Data Book contains information about endangered and threatened species of plants and animals. It is published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The book categorizes species based on their risk of extinction, such as Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable, and Extinct. It serves as a global reference for monitoring biodiversity conservation and guiding environmental protection policies. Other options (for context) All plant species: Incorrect — it includes only those plants that are endangered or threatened. All animal species: Incorrect — it covers only the endangered and vulnerable ones, not all animals. All extinct species: Incorrect — it includes species at risk of extinction, not only those already extinct.

ID: REF-0340 LEVEL: A1

Q: According to ISRO, Chandrayaan-2 moon mission will explore which area of the moon ?

A. A: Moon North Pole

B. B: Moon South Pole

C. C: Moon North-West part

D. D: Unexplored part of the Moon

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Moon South Pole ] Remark:Chandrayaan-2, launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on 22 July 2019, was designed to explore the South Pole region of the Moon. This area is of great scientific interest because it is permanently shadowed and may contain water ice and other valuable minerals. The mission included an orbiter, a lander (Vikram), and a rover (Pragyan), making it India’s first attempt at a soft landing on the lunar surface near the south pole. Other options (for context) Moon North Pole: Not the target area of Chandrayaan-2. Moon North-West part: Incorrect — Chandrayaan-2 focused specifically on the South Pole. Unexplored part of the Moon: Partly true, but specifically, the unexplored South Pole region was chosen.

ID: REF-0341 LEVEL: A1

Q: Alcohol contains :

A. A: nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen

B. B: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

C. C: oxygen, carbon, nitrogen

D. D: hydrogen, chlorine, oxygen

KEY: Correct Option: B [ carbon, hydrogen, oxygen ] Remark:Explanation: Alcohols are organic compounds composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O). They are characterized by the presence of one or more hydroxyl (-OH) functional groups attached to a carbon atom. The general formula of alcohols is CnH2n+1OH. A common example is ethanol (C₂H₅OH), which is used in beverages, fuels, and sanitizers. The -OH group makes alcohols polar, soluble in water (especially lower alcohols), and reactive in many organic reactions.

ID: REF-0342 LEVEL: A1

Q: Bronchitis is a disease of :

A. A: Blood

B. B: Liver

C. C: Intenstine

D. D: Respiratory track

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Respiratory track ] Remark:Explanation: Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which are the air passages of the respiratory tract that carry air to and from the lungs. The condition causes coughing, mucus production, chest discomfort, and difficulty in breathing. It can be caused by viral or bacterial infections, long-term exposure to smoke, dust, or air pollutants. Chronic bronchitis is a serious form often associated with smoking and is part of a group of lung diseases known as COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease).

ID: REF-0343 LEVEL: A1

Q: The age Of trees is determined by its

A. A: height

B. B: girth

C. C: general appearance

D. D: growth rings

KEY: Correct Option: D [ growth rings ] Remark:Explanation: The age of a tree is determined by counting the annual growth rings (also called annual rings) visible in a cross-section of its trunk. Each ring consists of a light band (spring wood) and a dark band (autumn wood), representing one year of growth. The study of these rings to determine a tree’s age and past climate conditions is known as dendrochronology.

ID: REF-0344 LEVEL: A1

Q: What does the term Dolby B or Dolby C printed on tape recorders and other sound systems refer to?

A. A: frequency modulated system

B. B: amplitude modulated system

C. C: noise reduction circuit

D. D: both DC and AC power can be used

KEY: Correct Option: C [ noise reduction circuit ] Remark:Explanation: The terms Dolby B and Dolby C refer to noise reduction circuits used in tape recorders and sound systems. These technologies reduce background hiss and unwanted noise during playback and recording, thereby improving the overall sound quality.

ID: REF-0345 LEVEL: A1

Q: The disease caused by Asbestos is

A. A: Paralysis

B. B: Dysentery

C. C: Emphysema

D. D: Diarrhea

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Emphysema ] Remark:Explanation: Asbestos is a group of silicate minerals once used in insulation and construction materials. Inhalation of asbestos fibers causes severe lung disorders such as asbestosis and emphysema, leading to breathing difficulty, chest pain, and even lung cancer (mesothelioma). The fibers lodge in lung tissue and trigger inflammation and fibrosis over time.

ID: REF-0346 LEVEL: A1

Q: Oxygen is transported to the cells of the human body through:

A. A: Red Blood cells

B. B: White Blood cells

C. C: Hormones

D. D: Enzymes

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Red Blood cells ] Remark:Oxygen is transported to the body’s cells by Red Blood Cells (RBCs). RBCs contain a special iron-containing pigment called hemoglobin, which has the ability to bind oxygen in the lungs and release it in body tissues where it is needed for cellular respiration. This process ensures that all body cells receive the oxygen required to produce energy (ATP). Other options (for context) White Blood Cells (WBCs): Defend the body against infections and diseases, but do not carry oxygen. Hormones: Chemical messengers that regulate body functions, not involved in oxygen transport. Enzymes: Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions, not oxygen carriers.

ID: REF-0347 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which one of the following colours has longest wave length ?

A. A: Green

B. B: Yellow

C. C: Red

D. D: Blue

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Red ] Remark:Red light has the longest wavelength among visible colours, approximately 620–750 nanometers. Due to its longer wavelength, red light is scattered the least, which is why it is used in traffic signals and as warning lights for better visibility over long distances.Blue and Green: Shorter wavelengths, scattered more easily.Yellow: Intermediate wavelength between red and green.

ID: REF-0348 LEVEL: A1

Q: The Bhopal Gas Tragedy was caused by :

A. A: Phosgen gas

B. B: Carbon monoxide

C. C: Methyl isocyanate

D. D: Chlorine

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Methyl isocyanate ] Remark:Explanation: The Bhopal Gas Tragedy occurred on the night of December 2–3, 1984, at the Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh (India). The disaster was caused by the accidental leakage of Methyl Isocyanate (MIC), a highly toxic and reactive gas used in pesticide manufacturing. The poisonous gas spread rapidly over the nearby populated areas, killing thousands of people and causing severe respiratory and neurological disorders. It is considered one of the world’s worst industrial disasters.

ID: REF-0349 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following is not a property of acids ?

A. A: All acids have sour taste

B. B: All acids are corrosive in nature

C. C: For acidic solutions pH = <7

D. D: Acids turn red litmus to blue

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Acids turn red litmus to blue ] Remark:Explanation: Acids do not turn red litmus to blue; instead, they turn blue litmus paper red. Acids are sour in taste, corrosive in nature, and have a pH value less than 7. Therefore, the statement that acids turn red litmus to blue is incorrect.

ID: REF-0350 LEVEL: A1

Q: What is Bryolory?

A. A: Study of food

B. B: Study of fruit

C. C: Study of mosses and liverworts

D. D: Study of rings

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Study of mosses and liverworts ] Remark:Explanation: Bryology is the branch of botany that deals with the study of bryophytes, which include mosses and liverworts. These are small, non-vascular plants that typically grow in moist and shady environments.

ID: REF-0351 LEVEL: A1

Q: Domestic cooking gas consists of mostly:

A. A: Methane and ethane

B. B: Liquifed butane and isobutane

C. C: Ethylene and carbon monoxide

D. D: Hydrogen and acetylene

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Methane and ethane ] Remark:

ID: REF-0352 LEVEL: A1

Q: A device that allows computer users to communicate with one another over telephone lines is called:

A. A: Microprocessor

B. B: Network

C. C: Assembler

D. D: Modem

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Modem ] Remark:Explanation: A modem (short for modulator-demodulator) is a device that enables computers to communicate with each other over telephone lines. It converts digital signals from a computer into analog signals for transmission and then back into digital form at the receiving end.

ID: REF-0353 LEVEL: A1

Q: The speed of light will be minimum while passing through :

A. A: Glass

B. B: Vacuum

C. C: Air

D. D: Water

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Glass ] Remark:Explanation: The speed of light is maximum in a vacuum (approximately 3 × 10⁸ m/s) and decreases as it passes through denser media. Among the given options — vacuum, air, water, and glass — light travels slowest in glass because glass has the highest refractive index (around 1.5). The greater the refractive index, the slower the light travels. This slowing down of light causes refraction, or bending of light, when it passes from one medium to another.

ID: REF-0354 LEVEL: A1

Q: Body temperature of a healthy human body is usually around:

A. A: 98.4 °C

B. B: 37 °C

C. C: 14.5 °C

D. D: 25 °C

KEY: Correct Option: B [ 37 °C ] Remark:The normal body temperature of a healthy human being is approximately 37 °C, which is equivalent to 98.6 °F. This temperature is maintained through a balance between heat production and heat loss in the body. The body’s thermoregulation is controlled by the hypothalamus in the brain to ensure proper functioning of enzymes and metabolic processes. Other options (for context) 98.4 °C: Incorrect — the correct equivalent in Fahrenheit is 98.6 °F, not in Celsius. 14.5 °C: Much lower than the human body temperature — such a value would indicate hypothermia or death. 25 °C: Represents a mild room temperature, not body temperature.

ID: REF-0355 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following diseases is not caused by bacteria?

A. A: Cholera

B. B: Typhoid

C. C: Tuberculosis

D. D: Chickungunya

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Chickungunya ] Remark:Explanation: Chikungunya is a viral disease caused by the Chikungunya virus, which belongs to the Togaviridae family. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. The disease causes sudden fever, joint pain, headache, and rash. In contrast, cholera (caused by Vibrio cholerae), typhoid (by Salmonella typhi), and tuberculosis (by Mycobacterium tuberculosis) are all bacterial diseases.

ID: REF-0356 LEVEL: A1

Q: Every computer connected to the internet is identified by a unique four-part strings known as:

A. A: IP Address

B. B: Domain name

C. C: Host Address

D. D: None of these

KEY: Correct Option: A [ IP Address ] Remark:Explanation: Every computer connected to the Internet is identified by a unique numerical label called an IP Address (Internet Protocol Address). It consists of four numeric parts separated by dots (e.g., 192.168.1.1) and is used to locate and communicate with devices over the network.

ID: REF-0357 LEVEL: A1

Q: Chemical name of 'Baking powder' is :

A. A: Ammonium Chloride

B. B: Magnesium Phosphate

C. C: Sodium bi-carbonate

D. D: Ammonium bi-phosphate

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Sodium bi-carbonate ] Remark:Explanation: The chemical name of baking powder is sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃), also known as baking soda. It is a mild alkali used in cooking and baking as a leavening agent. When heated or mixed with an acid (like vinegar, lemon juice, or cream of tartar), it decomposes to release carbon dioxide gas (CO₂). The bubbles of CO₂ make the dough rise and become soft and spongy. In commercial baking powder, sodium bicarbonate is often mixed with a weak acid and a drying agent.

ID: REF-0358 LEVEL: A1

Q: 'Shock –absorbers' are usually made of steel as it:

A. A: is not brittle

B. B: has lower elasticity

C. C: has higher elasticity

D. D: has no ductile property

KEY: Correct Option: C [ has higher elasticity ] Remark:

ID: REF-0359 LEVEL: A1

Q: In medical terminology, USG stands for:

A. A: Undersized gland

B. B: Ultrasonography

C. C: Unsegmented gonads

D. D: None of the above

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Ultrasonography ] Remark:In medical terminology, USG stands for Ultrasonography. It is a diagnostic imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of internal organs, tissues, and developing fetuses. USG is commonly used in obstetrics, cardiology, and abdominal examinations as it is safe and non-invasive.Undersized gland: Not a recognized medical term.Unsegmented gonads: Incorrect and unrelated to imaging.None of the above: Incorrect as option B is correct.

ID: REF-0360 LEVEL: A1

Q: A concave lens always forms an image which is:

A. A: Real and erect

B. B: Virtual and erect

C. C: Real and inverted

D. D: Virtual and inverted

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Virtual and erect ] Remark:Explanation: A concave lens always forms a virtual, erect, and diminished image, regardless of the position of the object. The image formed appears on the same side of the lens as the object and is used in devices like spectacles for correcting short-sightedness (myopia).

ID: REF-0361 LEVEL: A1

Q: Acid rain is caused due to the pollution of environment by:

A. A: Carbondioxide and Nitrogen

B. B: Carbon monoxide and Carbondioxide

C. C: Ozone and Methane

D. D: Some oxide of Nitrogen and Sulpher

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Some oxide of Nitrogen and Sulpher ] Remark:Explanation: Acid rain is caused by the presence of sulphur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) in the atmosphere. These gases are mainly released from the burning of coal, petroleum, and other fossil fuels in industries and vehicles. When they combine with water vapor and oxygen in the air, they form sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄) and nitric acid (HNO₃). These acids mix with rainwater and fall as acid rain, which damages soil, crops, aquatic life, and even monuments like the Taj Mahal.

ID: REF-0362 LEVEL: A1

Q: Full form of "GPS" is

A. A: Geographic Pointing System

B. B: Global Positioning System

C. C: Geographic Photo Sensor

D. D: Global Polar Synchronization

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Global Positioning System ] Remark:Explanation: The full form of GPS is Global Positioning System. It is a satellite-based navigation system that provides accurate information about the location, speed, and time anywhere on Earth. Developed by the U.S. Department of Defense, GPS uses a network of at least 24 satellites orbiting the Earth. It is widely used in navigation, mapping, military operations, aviation, and smartphone tracking applications.

ID: REF-0363 LEVEL: A1

Q: The mountaineers carry oxygen with them because:

A. A: at an altitude of more than 5 km there is no air

B. B: the amount of air available to a person onmountain is lesser than that available on the ground

C. C: the temperature of air is lesser than that onthe ground.

D. D: The pressure of air is higher than that on theground.

KEY: Correct Option: B [ the amount of air available to a person onmountain is lesser than that available on theground ] Remark:Mountaineers carry oxygen cylinders because the amount of air (and oxygen) available at high altitudes is much less than that at ground level. As altitude increases, air pressure and oxygen concentration decrease, making breathing difficult and leading to altitude sickness. Supplemental oxygen helps them breathe properly and maintain body function.No air above 5 km: Incorrect — air exists but is thinner.Lower temperature: True but not the reason for carrying oxygen.Higher air pressure: Incorrect — pressure decreases with height.

ID: REF-0364 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following is not correct ? (a) Exercise does not help in managing psychological discomfort. (b) Exercise increases cardio-respiratory fitness. (c) Exercise reduces risk of diabetes. (d) Exercise helps in managing bone health.

A. A: Exercise does not help in managingpsychological discomfort.

B. B: Exercise increases cardio-respiratory fitness.

C. C: Exercise reduces risk of diabetes.

D. D: Exercise helps in managing bone health.

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Exercise does not help in managingpsychological discomfort. ] Remark:Explanation: The statement “Exercise does not help in managing psychological discomfort” is incorrect. Regular physical exercise helps reduce stress, anxiety, and depression by releasing endorphins — the body’s natural mood enhancers. It also improves overall mental health, cardio-respiratory fitness, reduces the risk of diabetes, and strengthens bones.

ID: REF-0365 LEVEL: A1

Q: Sericuluture is a rearing practice of :

A. A: Fishes

B. B: Silk worm

C. C: Honey bees

D. D: Earth worm

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Silk worm ] Remark:Sericulture is the rearing and cultivation of silkworms for the production of silk. The process involves raising silkworms on mulberry leaves, harvesting their cocoons, and then extracting silk fibers from these cocoons. The most commonly used silkworm species is Bombyx mori. Sericulture is an important cottage industry in countries like India, China, and Japan. Other options (for context) Fishes: Their rearing is called Pisciculture. Honey bees: Their rearing is called Apiculture. Earth worms: Their cultivation for composting is called Vermiculture.

ID: REF-0366 LEVEL: A1

Q: Cobalt-60, commonly used in radiation therapy, emits :

A. A: Alpha rays

B. B: Beta rays

C. C: Gamma rays

D. D: X-rays

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Gamma rays ] Remark:Explanation: Cobalt-60 (Co-60) is a radioactive isotope of cobalt that emits high-energy gamma rays during its decay process. It decays into Nickel-60 (Ni-60) by beta decay, releasing two strong gamma photons of energies 1.17 MeV and 1.33 MeV. Due to these intense gamma emissions, Co-60 is widely used in radiation therapy (teletherapy) for cancer treatment, as well as in industrial radiography and sterilization of medical equipment. Gamma rays have high penetration power, allowing them to destroy cancerous cells deep inside tissues.

ID: REF-0367 LEVEL: A1

Q: Atom bomb is based on:

A. A: Chemical reaction

B. B: Nuclear fission

C. C: Nuclear fusion

D. D: Atomic collision

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Nuclear fission ] Remark:An Atom bomb works on the principle of nuclear fission. In this process, the nucleus of a heavy atom such as Uranium-235 or Plutonium-239 splits into two or more smaller nuclei when bombarded with a neutron. This splitting releases a tremendous amount of energy along with more neutrons, which further cause chain reactions — leading to a massive explosion. Other options (for context) Chemical reaction: Produces far less energy; used in conventional explosives, not atomic bombs. Nuclear fusion: Powers hydrogen bombs (thermonuclear bombs), not atomic bombs. Atomic collision: General term — does not describe the chain reaction mechanism in fission.

ID: REF-0368 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following colours is not seen in a rainbow ?

A. A: Yellow

B. B: Green

C. C: Red

D. D: Brown

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Brown ] Remark:Brown is not seen in a rainbow. A natural rainbow displays seven distinct colours — Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange, and Red (VIBGYOR). These colours appear due to the dispersion of sunlight by water droplets in the atmosphere, but brown is not part of the visible spectrum formed by dispersion.Yellow, Green, Red: All are part of the seven colours of the rainbow.

ID: REF-0369 LEVEL: A1

Q: What does the term Dolby B or Dolby C printed on tape recorders and other sound systems refer to?

A. A: frequency modulated system

B. B: amplitude modulated system

C. C: noise reduction circuit

D. D: both DC and AC power can be used

KEY: Correct Option: C [ noise reduction circuit ] Remark:Explanation: The terms Dolby B and Dolby C refer to noise reduction circuits used in tape recorders and sound systems. These technologies reduce background hiss and unwanted noise during playback and recording, thereby improving the overall sound quality.

ID: REF-0370 LEVEL: A1

Q: An instrument used for measuring depth of an ocean is called?

A. A: Hydrometer

B. B: Hygrometer

C. C: Fathometer

D. D: Galvanometer

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Hydrometer ] Remark:

ID: REF-0371 LEVEL: A1

Q: All ships have sonar system. It is used to detect /measure :

A. A: Distance of the shore

B. B: Sound on the surface

C. C: Sound of animals in Sea

D. D: Depth of ocean

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Depth of ocean ] Remark:Explanation: SONAR (Sound Navigation and Ranging) is a system used in ships and submarines to determine the depth of the ocean or to locate underwater objects. It works by sending sound waves into the water and measuring the time taken for the echo to return after reflecting from the seabed or any object.

ID: REF-0372 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which type of fire extinguisher is used for petroleum fire?

A. A: Powder type

B. B: Liquid type

C. C: Soda acid type

D. D: Foam type

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Powder type ] Remark:

ID: REF-0373 LEVEL: A1

Q: Time during which a job is processed by the computer is:

A. A: Delay time

B. B: Real time

C. C: Down time

D. D: Execution time

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Execution time ] Remark:Explanation: Execution time is the period during which a job or program is actively processed by the computer’s CPU. It refers to the actual time taken to execute instructions, excluding waiting or idle times such as input/output delays or queue time.

ID: REF-0374 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following is/are not associated with the reduction of Greenhouse gases ? i) Kigali Amendment to Montreal Protocol ii) Stockholm convention iii) Kyoto Protocol

A. A: (ii) only

B. B: (i) and (ii) only

C. C: (i) and (iii) only

D. D: (i), (ii) and (iii)

KEY: Correct Option: A [ (ii) only ] Remark:The Stockholm Convention is not associated with the reduction of greenhouse gases. It focuses on eliminating or restricting the production and use of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) — toxic chemicals that remain in the environment for long periods, such as DDT and PCBs. It does not directly address greenhouse gas emissions or climate change. Other options (for context) Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol: Aims to phase down the use of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which are potent greenhouse gases used in refrigerants — hence it helps reduce global warming. Kyoto Protocol: An international treaty adopted in 1997 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by developed countries, directly targeting climate change.

ID: REF-0375 LEVEL: A1

Q: The highest tides occur at the time of the new moon and the:

A. A: full moon

B. B: solar eclipse

C. C: lunar eclipse

D. D: volcanoes

KEY: Correct Option: A [ full moon ] Remark:The highest tides, known as spring tides, occur during the time of the new moon and the full moon. During these phases, the Sun, Moon, and Earth are aligned in a straight line, causing their combined gravitational forces to produce higher high tides and lower low tides. This alignment amplifies the tidal effect, resulting in the strongest tidal ranges. Other options (for context) Solar eclipse: Can coincide with a new moon but is not directly responsible for higher tides. Lunar eclipse: Occurs during a full moon but does not always produce exceptionally high tides. Volcanoes: Have no relation to tidal movements; tides are caused by gravitational forces, not geological activity.

ID: REF-0376 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following is an example of thermoplastics?

A. A: Bakelite

B. B: Melamine

C. C: PVC

D. D: none of these

KEY: Correct Option: C [ PVC ] Remark:Explanation: PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) is an example of a thermoplastic. Thermoplastics soften on heating and can be reshaped multiple times without undergoing any chemical change. In contrast, Bakelite and Melamine are thermosetting plastics that become hard and rigid after heating and cannot be remolded.

ID: REF-0377 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following is NOT an allotrope of carbon?

A. A: Diamond

B. B: Graphite

C. C: C-60

D. D: Methane

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Methane ] Remark:Methane (CH₄) is not an allotrope of carbon. It is a chemical compound made up of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms. In contrast, allotropes are different structural forms of the same element in the same physical state. Carbon has several allotropes, including diamond, graphite, and fullerene (C-60), which differ in atomic arrangement and physical properties. Other options (for context) Diamond: An allotrope of carbon where each carbon atom is tetrahedrally bonded to four others, making it extremely hard. Graphite: An allotrope of carbon with layers of hexagonally arranged atoms; good conductor of electricity. C-60 (Fullerene): A spherical allotrope of carbon consisting of 60 atoms arranged like a soccer ball.

ID: REF-0378 LEVEL: A1

Q: In which of the following processes energy is released ?

A. A: respiration

B. B: photosynthesis

C. C: ingestion

D. D: absorption

KEY: Correct Option: A [ respiration ] Remark:Explanation: Respiration is a biochemical process in which food molecules (mainly glucose) are oxidized to release energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). This energy is then used for various life processes such as movement, growth, repair, and maintenance. Respiration occurs in all living cells and takes place mainly inside the mitochondria. Chemical Equation: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy (ATP) In contrast, photosynthesis stores energy in glucose molecules, while respiration releases that stored energy for cellular use.

ID: REF-0379 LEVEL: A1

Q: Quality of petrol is expressed in:

A. A: Gold number

B. B: Cetane number

C. C: Methane number

D. D: Octane number

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Octane number ] Remark:Explanation: The quality of petrol (gasoline) is measured by its octane number, which indicates the fuel's resistance to knocking (premature ignition) in an internal combustion engine; a higher octane number gives better performance and smoother operation.

ID: REF-0380 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following statements is correct ?

A. A: Red insulated wire is called 'live' wire

B. B: Black insulated wire is called 'neutral' wire

C. C: Green insulated wire is called 'earthing'

D. D: All of the above

KEY: Correct Option: D [ All of the above ] Remark:Explanation: In household electrical wiring, all the given statements are correct: the red insulated wire is the live (phase) wire, the black insulated wire is the neutral wire, and the green insulated wire is used for earthing to ensure safety by preventing electric shocks.

ID: REF-0381 LEVEL: A1

Q: Norman E. Borlaug is associated with

A. A: Green Revolution

B. B: White Revolution

C. C: Pink Revolution

D. D: Blue Revolution

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Green Revolution ] Remark: Norman E. Borlaug was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970 in recognition of his contributions to global food production.

ID: REF-0382 LEVEL: A1

Q: Glaciers always melt first at the:

A. A: top surface

B. B: sides

C. C: bottom

D. D: middle surface

KEY: Correct Option: C [ bottom ] Remark:Glaciers usually melt first at the bottom. The pressure at the base of a glacier is very high, which lowers the melting point of ice — a phenomenon known as pressure melting. Additionally, heat from the Earth’s crust and friction caused by glacier movement also contribute to faster melting at the base.Top surface: Exposed to air but melts slower due to lower pressure.Sides and middle surface: Experience less pressure and friction, so melting is slower.

ID: REF-0383 LEVEL: A1

Q: ATM means:

A. A: All Time Money

B. B: Automatic Teller Machine

C. C: Automated Teller Machine

D. D: Any Time Money

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Automated Teller Machine ] Remark:ATM stands for Automated Teller Machine. It is an electronic banking device that allows customers to perform financial transactions such as cash withdrawals, deposits, fund transfers, and balance inquiries without the need for a human teller.All Time/Any Time Money: Common informal phrases, not the actual full form.Automatic Teller Machine: Incorrect; the correct term is Automated, not Automatic.

ID: REF-0384 LEVEL: A1

Q: Nitrogen is an essential constituent of all:

A. A: Carbohydrates

B. B: Fats

C. C: Proteins

D. D: Vitamins

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Proteins ] Remark:Explanation: Proteins are complex organic compounds composed of smaller units called amino acids. Each amino acid contains an amino group (–NH₂), which contributes nitrogen to the molecular structure. This makes nitrogen an essential element in all proteins. Carbohydrates and fats lack nitrogen, while only some vitamins contain it.

ID: REF-0385 LEVEL: A1

Q: The speed of light will be minimum while passing through :

A. A: Glass

B. B: Vacuum

C. C: Air

D. D: Water

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Glass ] Remark:Explanation: The speed of light is maximum in a vacuum (approximately 3 × 10⁸ m/s) and decreases as it passes through denser media. Among the given options — vacuum, air, water, and glass — light travels slowest in glass because glass has the highest refractive index (around 1.5). The greater the refractive index, the slower the light travels. This slowing down of light causes refraction, or bending of light, when it passes from one medium to another.

ID: REF-0386 LEVEL: A1

Q: Liquid natural gas (LNG) predominantly contains _______ in liquid form.

A. A: Ethane

B. B: Ethylene

C. C: Methane

D. D: Methylene

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Methane ] Remark:Explanation: Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) predominantly contains methane (CH₄) in liquid form. It is produced by cooling natural gas to about −162°C, which reduces its volume for easier storage and transportation. LNG is a clean fuel with high energy efficiency and low emissions.

ID: REF-0387 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following is a source of non-conventional energy?

A. A: Firewood

B. B: Diesel

C. C: Petrol

D. D: Biogas

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Biogas ] Remark:Biogas is a source of non-conventional (renewable) energy. It is produced through the anaerobic decomposition of organic waste materials such as animal dung, crop residues, and kitchen waste. Biogas mainly contains methane (CH₄) and is used as a clean fuel for cooking, lighting, and even power generation. It helps reduce dependence on fossil fuels and minimizes environmental pollution. Other options (for context) Firewood: A traditional biomass fuel, not classified as a modern non-conventional source. Diesel: A conventional fossil fuel derived from crude oil. Petrol: Another conventional fossil fuel obtained from petroleum refining.

ID: REF-0388 LEVEL: A1

Q: Vinegar is chemically a:

A. A: diluted citric acid

B. B: diluted acetic acid

C. C: diluted hydrochloric acid

D. D: diluted oxalic aid

KEY: Correct Option: B [ diluted acetic acid ] Remark:

ID: REF-0389 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following minerals is found in Monazite sand ?

A. A: potassium

B. B: uranium

C. C: Thorium

D. D: sodium

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Thorium ] Remark:

ID: REF-0390 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which layer of gas in the atmosphere protects us from harmful ultra violet rays of the sun?

A. A: Oxygen

B. B: Carbon dioxide

C. C: Nitrogen

D. D: Ozone

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Ozone ] Remark:The Ozone layer in the Earth’s stratosphere protects living organisms from the Sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays. Ozone (O₃) absorbs most of the high-energy UV radiation, preventing it from reaching the Earth’s surface, where it could cause skin cancer, cataracts, and damage to plants and marine ecosystems. This protective layer is mainly found between 10 to 50 km above the Earth’s surface. Other options (for context) Oxygen: Essential for respiration but does not block UV rays. Carbon dioxide: A greenhouse gas responsible for trapping heat, not UV protection. Nitrogen: Makes up most of the atmosphere but plays no role in UV absorption.

ID: REF-0391 LEVEL: A1

Q: What does the term Dolby B or Dolby C printed on tape recorders and other sound systems refer to?

A. A: frequency modulated system

B. B: amplitude modulated system

C. C: noise reduction circuit

D. D: both DC and AC power can be used

KEY: Correct Option: C [ noise reduction circuit ] Remark:Explanation: The terms Dolby B and Dolby C refer to noise reduction circuits used in tape recorders and sound systems. These technologies reduce background hiss and unwanted noise during playback and recording, thereby improving the overall sound quality.

ID: REF-0392 LEVEL: A1

Q: The art and science of map making is called:

A. A: remote sensing

B. B: cartography

C. C: photogrammetry

D. D: mapping

KEY: Correct Option: B [ cartography ] Remark:

ID: REF-0393 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following pair is incorrect ?

A. A: Roentgen : X-ray

B. B: Newton : Law of Gravitation

C. C: Faraday : Diffusion of gases

D. D: Pasteur : Bacteriology

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Faraday : Diffusion of gases ] Remark:Explanation: The pair Faraday : Diffusion of gases is incorrect. The law of diffusion of gases was given by Thomas Graham, not Michael Faraday. Faraday is known for his work on electromagnetism and electrolysis. The other pairs are correctly matched.

ID: REF-0394 LEVEL: A1

Q: Seismology is the science of :

A. A: Atmosphere

B. B: Earthquake

C. C: Fossil

D. D: Silkworm breeding

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Earthquake ] Remark:Explanation: Seismology is the branch of geophysics that deals with the study of earthquakes and the propagation of seismic waves through the Earth. Scientists who study earthquakes are called seismologists. Seismology helps in understanding the origin, intensity, and effects of earthquakes, as well as the internal structure of the Earth. The intensity of an earthquake is measured using instruments like the seismograph and scales such as the Richter scale or Moment Magnitude scale.

ID: REF-0395 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which acid is released when an Ant bites?

A. A: Hydrochloric Acid

B. B: Formic Acid

C. C: Acetic Acid

D. D: Phosphoric Acid

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Formic Acid ] Remark:When an ant bites, it releases formic acid (HCOOH) into the skin. This acid causes a sharp burning sensation, redness, and irritation at the site of the bite. The name “formic” comes from the Latin word “formica”, meaning ant, as the acid was first extracted from ants. The pain can be neutralized by applying a mild base like baking soda (sodium bicarbonate). Other options (for context) Hydrochloric Acid: Found in the human stomach, aids digestion. Acetic Acid: Main component of vinegar, not involved in ant bites. Phosphoric Acid: Used in fertilizers and soft drinks, not produced by ants.

ID: REF-0396 LEVEL: A1

Q: Liquid natural gas (LNG) predominantly contains _______ in liquid form.

A. A: Ethane

B. B: Ethylene

C. C: Methane

D. D: Methylene

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Methane ] Remark:Explanation: Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) predominantly contains methane (CH₄) in liquid form. It is produced by cooling natural gas to about −162°C, which reduces its volume for easier storage and transportation. LNG is a clean fuel with high energy efficiency and low emissions.

ID: REF-0397 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following is the structural and functional unit of kidneys?

A. A: Nephron

B. B: Pits

C. C: Nutrofil

D. D: Tentacle

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Nephron ] Remark:Explanation: The nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney. Each human kidney contains about 1 to 1.5 million nephrons. A nephron consists of two main parts — the renal corpuscle (Bowman's capsule and glomerulus) and the renal tubule. It performs three main functions: filtration of blood, reabsorption of essential substances, and secretion

ID: REF-0398 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following is a non metal that remains liquid at room temperature?

A. A: Phosphorous

B. B: Bromine

C. C: Chlorine

D. D: Helium

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Bromine ] Remark:

ID: REF-0399 LEVEL: A1

Q: Minamata disease in Japan was caused due to pollution of water by :

A. A: Lead

B. B: Mercury

C. C: Cyanide

D. D: Arsenic

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Mercury ] Remark:Explanation: Minamata disease was caused by severe mercury poisoning in the coastal city of Minamata, Japan. It resulted from the discharge of methyl mercury compounds into Minamata Bay by a chemical factory (Chisso Corporation) during the 1950s and 1960s. The toxic mercury accumulated in fish and shellfish, which were later consumed by local residents. Symptoms included numbness, muscle weakness, loss of vision, hearing and speech, paralysis, and in severe cases, death. This incident is one of the world’s worst cases of industrial pollution.

ID: REF-0400 LEVEL: A1

Q: India first atomic device was exploded in 1974 at:

A. A: Bikaner

B. B: Barmed

C. C: Pokhran

D. D: Jaisalmer

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Pokhran ] Remark:India’s first successful atomic device was tested at Pokhran in the Thar Desert of Rajasthan on 18th May 1974. The operation was code-named "Smiling Buddha" and was conducted by the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) under the leadership of scientists like Dr. Raja Ramanna. This event marked India’s entry into the group of nuclear-capable nations. Other options (for context) Bikaner: A city in Rajasthan, but no nuclear tests were conducted there. Barmer: Located near the Pakistan border, not the site of India’s nuclear test. Jaisalmer: Close to Pokhran geographically, but not the test location.

ID: REF-0401 LEVEL: A1

Q: Who invented vaccination for 'small pox'?

A. A: Sir Fredrick Grant Banting

B. B: Sir Alexander Fleming

C. C: Edward Jenner

D. D: Louis Pasteur

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Edward Jenner ] Remark:Explanation: Edward Jenner, an English physician, is known as the “Father of Immunology.” In 1796, he observed that milkmaids who had previously suffered from cowpox (a mild disease) did not contract smallpox (a deadly viral disease). He tested his hypothesis by injecting a boy with material taken from a cowpox sore and later exposing him to smallpox — the boy did not develop the disease. This led to the development of the first vaccine, derived from the Latin word vacca meaning “cow.” Significance: Jenner’s discovery laid the foundation of modern immunology and preventive medicine. Smallpox was officially declared eradicated by the WHO in 1980.

ID: REF-0402 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following is an Inert Gas?

A. A: Hydrogen

B. B: Nitrogen

C. C: Oxygen

D. D: Argon

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Argon ] Remark:Argon (Ar) is an inert gas, also known as a noble gas. It belongs to Group 18 of the periodic table, whose elements are characterized by complete outer electron shells, making them chemically unreactive. Argon constitutes about 0.93% of the Earth's atmosphere and is widely used in electric bulbs, welding, and in creating inert environments for chemical reactions. Other options (for context) Hydrogen: Highly reactive and combustible gas. Nitrogen: Relatively less reactive but not inert; forms compounds like ammonia. Oxygen: Highly reactive gas essential for combustion and respiration.

ID: REF-0403 LEVEL: A1

Q: Penicillin was invented by:

A. A: Christian Bernard

B. B: Alexander Fleming

C. C: Mc Collum

D. D: William Harvey

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Alexander Fleming ] Remark:Explanation: Penicillin was discovered accidentally by Alexander Fleming in 1928 when he observed that a fungal mold, Penicillium notatum, inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus bacteria in his culture plates. Penicillin became the first antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections and saved millions of lives during World War II. Later, scientists like Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain developed methods for its large-scale production.

ID: REF-0404 LEVEL: A1

Q: Cow milk is a rich source of:

A. A: Vitamin A

B. B: Vitamin B

C. C: Vitamin C

D. D: Vitamin D

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Vitamin B ] Remark:Explanation: Cow’s milk is a nutritionally rich food containing proteins, fats, carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins. It is particularly rich in B-group vitamins, especially Vitamin B₂ (Riboflavin) and Vitamin B₁₂ (Cobalamin). These vitamins play crucial roles in maintaining healthy skin, eyesight, and the nervous system, as well as aiding in the formation of red blood cells. Note: While milk provides moderate amounts of Vitamin A and D, the natural content of Vitamin D is low, and milk is often fortified with Vitamin D to enhance its nutritional value.

ID: REF-0405 LEVEL: A1

Q: What is the unit for measuring the intensity of sound ?

A. A: Decibel

B. B: Coulomb

C. C: Henry

D. D: Hertz

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Decibel ] Remark:Explanation: The intensity of sound is measured in decibels (dB). The decibel is a logarithmic unit that expresses the ratio of a sound’s intensity compared to a reference level (usually the faintest sound the human ear can detect, known as the threshold of hearing). The higher the decibel value, the louder the sound. For example, normal conversation is around 60 dB, traffic noise is about 80–90 dB, and sounds above 120 dB can cause pain or hearing damage.

ID: REF-0406 LEVEL: A1

Q: What is condensation?

A. A: Change of Solid into liquid

B. B: Change of vapour into liquid

C. C: Change of Liquid into Gas

D. D: None of these

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Change of vapour into liquid ] Remark:

ID: REF-0407 LEVEL: A1

Q: dolomite is used in which field?

A. A: Soil conditioner

B. B: Pasteurization

C. C: Dynamite

D. D: Synthetic rubber

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Soil conditioner ] Remark:

ID: REF-0408 LEVEL: A1

Q: India first atomic device was exploded in 1974 at:

A. A: Bikaner

B. B: Barmed

C. C: Pokhran

D. D: Jaisalmer

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Pokhran ] Remark:India’s first successful atomic device was tested at Pokhran in the Thar Desert of Rajasthan on 18th May 1974. The operation was code-named "Smiling Buddha" and was conducted by the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) under the leadership of scientists like Dr. Raja Ramanna. This event marked India’s entry into the group of nuclear-capable nations. Other options (for context) Bikaner: A city in Rajasthan, but no nuclear tests were conducted there. Barmer: Located near the Pakistan border, not the site of India’s nuclear test. Jaisalmer: Close to Pokhran geographically, but not the test location.

ID: REF-0409 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following allow the electric current to pass through it ?

A. A: Glasses

B. B: Graphite

C. C: Rubber

D. D: PVC

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Graphite ] Remark:Graphite allows electric current to pass through it. Although it is a form of carbon, its atoms are arranged in layers with free-moving electrons, making it a good conductor of electricity. This property makes graphite useful in electrodes, batteries, and brushes of electric motors.Glass, Rubber, PVC: All are insulators and do not conduct electricity.

ID: REF-0410 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which is the respiratory organ of fish?

A. A: Ears

B. B: Gills

C. C: Skin

D. D: Lungs

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Gills ] Remark:Explanation: Fish respire through specialized organs called gills, located on either side of their head. Gills contain thin filaments with a large surface area and rich blood supply that allow exchange of gases. When water passes over the gill membranes, oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out. This process enables aquatic respiration and supports survival underwater.

ID: REF-0411 LEVEL: A1

Q: Light year is a unit of measurement of

A. A: speed of light

B. B: stellar distances

C. C: speed of rockets

D. D: time

KEY: Correct Option: B [ stellar distances ] Remark:Explanation: A light year is a unit used to measure stellar or astronomical distances. It is defined as the distance that light travels in one year in a vacuum. Since light moves at a speed of about 3 × 108 m/s, one light year equals approximately 9.46 × 1012 km. It is commonly used to express distances between stars and galaxies because these distances are too large to be measured in kilometers or miles.

ID: REF-0412 LEVEL: A1

Q: Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is located in :

A. A: Bombay

B. B: Hyderabad

C. C: Bangalore

D. D: Trombay

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Bangalore ] Remark:Explanation: The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is headquartered in Bangalore (Bengaluru), Karnataka. It was established in 1969 under the guidance of Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, who is known as the father of the Indian space program. ISRO is India’s national space agency, responsible for space research, satellite launches, and planetary exploration. It developed major missions such as Chandrayaan (Moon mission), Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission), and PSLV & GSLV launch vehicles.

ID: REF-0413 LEVEL: A1

Q: The sun is seen before the actual sunrise because of:

A. A: refection

B. B: refraction

C. C: scattering of light

D. D: rectilinear propagation of light

KEY: Correct Option: B [ refraction ] Remark:Explanation: The Sun is seen a few minutes before actual sunrise and after actual sunset due to the refraction of light by the Earth's atmosphere. The atmosphere bends the Sun’s rays towards the Earth, making the Sun appear slightly above the horizon even when it is below it.

ID: REF-0414 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which amongst the following is the largest mammal?

A. A: elephant

B. B: whale

C. C: dinosaur

D. D: rhinoceros

KEY: Correct Option: B [ whale ] Remark:Explanation: The blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) holds the record as the largest mammal and the largest living organism on Earth. Adult blue whales can reach lengths of up to 30 meters (98 feet) and weigh over 180 tons. Despite their size, they feed mainly on small shrimp-like creatures called krill, filtering them through their baleen plates. Whales are warm-blooded, breathe air through blowholes, and give birth to live young — all key mammalian traits. Comparison: Blue whale (largest mammal): up to 30 m long, ~180 tons African elephant (largest land mammal): up to 4 m tall, ~6 tons Rhinoceros: up to 2 m tall, ~2 tons

ID: REF-0415 LEVEL: A1

Q: The only snake that builds its nest is:

A. A: Krait

B. B: King cobra

C. C: Chain viper

D. D: Saw scaled viper

KEY: Correct Option: B [ King cobra ] Remark:Explanation: The King Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) is the world’s longest venomous snake and the only snake species that builds a nest to lay its eggs. The female collects leaves, twigs, and debris to construct a mound-like nest, usually near dense vegetation or fallen logs. She lays about 20–40 eggs in the nest and guards them aggressively until they hatch, showing remarkable parental care — a rare behavior among reptiles. Once the eggs are about to hatch, the female leaves the nest to avoid eating her own offspring, as King Cobras are carnivorous and feed mainly on other snakes.

ID: REF-0416 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following blood group is considered as Universal Donor ?

A. A: A

B. B: AB

C. C: B

D. D: O

KEY: Correct Option: D [ O ] Remark:The O blood group, specifically O negative (O−), is considered the Universal Donor because it can be safely transfused to people of all other blood groups. This is due to the absence of A and B antigens on red blood cells, minimizing the risk of immune reactions during transfusion.A: Can donate only to A and AB groups.AB: Universal recipient, not donor.B: Can donate only to B and AB groups.

ID: REF-0417 LEVEL: A1

Q: A substance used in the fire extinguisher under the trade name of Pyrene is:

A. A: Carbon dioxide

B. B: Chloroform

C. C: Carbon tetrachloride

D. D: Bleaching powder

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Carbon tetrachloride ] Remark:

ID: REF-0418 LEVEL: A1

Q: The amount of light entering into eye can be controlled and regulated by ___________ .

A. A: Sclera

B. B: cornea

C. C: pupil

D. D: retina

KEY: Correct Option: C [ pupil ] Remark:Explanation: The pupil is the central opening in the iris that regulates the entry of light into the eye. In bright light, the iris contracts, making the pupil smaller (a process called constriction), while in dim light, it enlarges (known as dilation). This automatic adjustment, known as the pupillary reflex, helps protect the retina from excessive light and ensures clear vision in varying light condit

ID: REF-0419 LEVEL: A1

Q: Any part of the computer, which can be seen by the eyes and felt by touching, is called:

A. A: Hardware

B. B: Software

C. C: Liveware

D. D: Firmware

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Hardware ] Remark:Explanation: Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer that can be seen and touched, such as the monitor, keyboard, mouse, CPU, and printer. In contrast, software consists of programs and instructions that control the hardware and perform tasks.

ID: REF-0420 LEVEL: A1

Q: What is the scientific name of Vitamin- C :

A. A: Turtaric Acid

B. B: Folic Acid

C. C: Ascorbic Acid

D. D: Oxalic Acid

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Ascorbic Acid ] Remark:Explanation: The scientific name of Vitamin C is Ascorbic Acid. It is a water-soluble vitamin essential for the growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues. Vitamin C acts as a powerful antioxidant and helps in the synthesis of collagen, absorption of iron, and boosting the immune system. A deficiency of Vitamin C leads to the disease Scurvy, characterized by bleeding gums, weakness, and delayed wound healing. Natural sources include citrus fruits like oranges, lemons, amla, and guava.

ID: REF-0421 LEVEL: A1

Q: Measles is a disease caused by :

A. A: Bacteria

B. B: Protozoa

C. C: Worm

D. D: Virus

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Virus ] Remark:Explanation: Measles is a highly contagious disease caused by the Measles virus, which belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family, genus Morbillivirus. It spreads through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing by an infected person. Common symptoms include high fever, cough, runny nose, red eyes, and a characteristic red skin rash. Severe cases can lead to pneumonia or encephalitis. Measles can be effectively prevented by the MMR vaccine (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella).

ID: REF-0422 LEVEL: A1

Q: Nuclear fission is caused by the impact of

A. A: Neutron

B. B: Proton

C. C: Deuteron

D. D: Electron

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Neutron ] Remark:Explanation: Nuclear fission is the process in which the nucleus of a heavy atom, such as Uranium-235 or Plutonium-239, splits into two or more lighter nuclei when bombarded by a slow-moving neutron. This reaction releases a large amount of energy, along with additional neutrons that can trigger further fission reactions—leading to a chain reaction. This principle is used in nuclear reactors for power generation and in atomic bombs for explosive energy release.

ID: REF-0423 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which one of the following allows sound waves to travel comparatively faster at 0°C ?

A. A: Water

B. B: Air

C. C: Ice

D. D: Iron

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Iron ] Remark:Explanation: Sound waves travel fastest in solids, slower in liquids, and slowest in gases. This is because the speed of sound depends on the elasticity and density of the medium — it travels faster when particles are tightly packed and can transmit vibrations more efficiently. Among the options, iron (a solid) allows sound to travel much faster (around 5130 m/s) than in water (1500 m/s), ice (3200 m/s), or air (331 m/s at 0°C).

ID: REF-0424 LEVEL: A1

Q: The acceleration due to gravity at the equator:

A. A: is less than that at the poles

B. B: is greater than that at the poles

C. C: is equal to that at the poles

D. D: does not depend on the earth's centripetal acceleration

KEY: Correct Option: A [ is less than that at the poles ] Remark:

ID: REF-0425 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which is an example of pollution-free energy?

A. A: Coal

B. B: Wind energy

C. C: Mineral oil

D. D: None of these

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Wind energy ] Remark:Explanation: Wind energy is a clean and renewable source of energy that does not cause environmental pollution. It is generated by converting the kinetic energy of moving air into mechanical or electrical energy using wind turbines. Unlike fossil fuels such as coal or mineral oil, wind energy does not release carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, or other greenhouse gases. It is, therefore, a pollution-free and sustainable source of power, widely used for electricity generation in wind farms.

ID: REF-0426 LEVEL: A1

Q: The pigment which is responsible for blood clotting is:

A. A: Fibrinogen

B. B: Haemoglobin

C. C: Glucose

D. D: Blood Cells

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Fibrinogen ] Remark:Explanation: Fibrinogen is a soluble plasma protein produced by the liver. During blood clotting, it is converted into insoluble fibrin threads by the enzyme thrombin. These fibrin threads form a mesh that traps red blood cells and platelets, creating a stable clot to stop bleeding. This process prevents excessive blood loss during injury and is regulated by clotting factors and platelets. Simplified Reaction: Fibrinogen → (Thrombin) → Fibrin → Blood Clot

ID: REF-0427 LEVEL: A1

Q: Animals living in the tree trunks are known as:

A. A: arboreal

B. B: Volant

C. C: Amphibious

D. D: Aquatic

KEY: Correct Option: A [ arboreal ] Remark:Explanation: Animals that live in or on trees are called arboreal animals. They are adapted to climbing and moving about among branches. Examples include monkeys, squirrels, chameleons, and tree frogs. Their adaptations may include grasping limbs, prehensile tails, claws, or adhesive pads that help them cling to tree surfaces and move efficiently among branches.

ID: REF-0428 LEVEL: A1

Q: Blood Circulation was discovered by?

A. A: Mary Anderson

B. B: William Harvey

C. C: Virginia Apgar

D. D: Robert Feulgen

KEY: Correct Option: B [ William Harvey ] Remark:William Harvey, an English physician, discovered the process of blood circulation in 1628. He demonstrated that the heart acts as a pump to circulate blood continuously throughout the body via a closed system of arteries and veins. His work, published in "De Motu Cordis" (On the Motion of the Heart and Blood), laid the foundation for modern cardiovascular physiology. Other options (for context) Mary Anderson: Invented the windshield wiper, not related to medicine. Virginia Apgar: Developed the Apgar score for assessing newborn health. Robert Feulgen: Discovered a staining technique for DNA, not blood circulation.

ID: REF-0429 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which layer of gas in the atmosphere protects us from harmful ultra violet rays of the sun?

A. A: Oxygen

B. B: Carbon dioxide

C. C: Nitrogen

D. D: Ozone

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Ozone ] Remark:The Ozone layer in the Earth’s stratosphere protects living organisms from the Sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays. Ozone (O₃) absorbs most of the high-energy UV radiation, preventing it from reaching the Earth’s surface, where it could cause skin cancer, cataracts, and damage to plants and marine ecosystems. This protective layer is mainly found between 10 to 50 km above the Earth’s surface. Other options (for context) Oxygen: Essential for respiration but does not block UV rays. Carbon dioxide: A greenhouse gas responsible for trapping heat, not UV protection. Nitrogen: Makes up most of the atmosphere but plays no role in UV absorption.

ID: REF-0430 LEVEL: A1

Q: J J Thomson received the Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of ________.

A. A: Protons

B. B: Electrons

C. C: Neutrons

D. D: Positrons

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Electrons ] Remark:

ID: REF-0431 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following is used to express the speed of internet connectivity ?

A. A: Mb / sec

B. B: Mb

C. C: Herz

D. D: Kb

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Mb / sec ] Remark:Explanation: The speed of internet connectivity is expressed in Megabits per second (Mb/sec or Mbps). It indicates how much data is transferred per second over a network connection. One megabit equals 1,000,000 bits. Higher Mbps values mean faster internet speeds. For example, a 100 Mbps connection can transfer 100 million bits of data every second. Note that 1 byte = 8 bits, so internet speeds in Mbps differ from file sizes, which are usually measured in megabytes (MB).

ID: REF-0432 LEVEL: A1

Q: Marijuana, a psychoactive drug is obtained from:

A. A: seeds of pop

B. B: capsules of poppy

C. C: female inflorescence of cannabis

D. D: male inflorescence of cannabis

KEY: Correct Option: C [ female inflorescence of cannabis ] Remark:Explanation: Marijuana is a psychoactive drug obtained from the female inflorescence (flowering tops) of the Cannabis sativa plant. It contains the active compound tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which affects the central nervous system and alters mood and perception.

ID: REF-0433 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following contains maximum carbon dioxide ?

A. A: Grasslands

B. B: Forests

C. C: Oceans

D. D: Agroecosystems

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Oceans ] Remark:Explanation: Oceans contain the maximum amount of carbon dioxide (CO₂) on Earth. They act as the largest carbon sink, absorbing CO₂ from the atmosphere and storing it in dissolved form or as carbonates. This helps regulate the global carbon cycle and maintain atmospheric balance.

ID: REF-0434 LEVEL: A1

Q: A car is moving on a road and rain is falling vertically. Select the correct answer:

A. A: The rain will strike the wind screen only

B. B: The rain will strike the front screen only

C. C: The rain will strike both the screens

D. D: The rain will not strike any of the screens

KEY: Correct Option: B [ The rain will strike the front screen only ] Remark:Explanation: When a car moves forward while rain is falling vertically, the rain appears to fall at an angle relative to the car’s motion. As a result, the raindrops strike the front windscreen of the car, not the rear screen. This is due to the relative velocity between the car and the falling rain.

ID: REF-0435 LEVEL: A1

Q: The most abundant metal in the Earth crust is:

A. A: zinc

B. B: copper

C. C: aluminium

D. D: iron

KEY: Correct Option: C [ aluminium ] Remark:Aluminium (Al) is the most abundant metal in the Earth's crust, making up about 8.2% by weight. It occurs mainly in the form of bauxite ore (Al₂O₃·2H₂O). Despite being highly abundant, aluminium is never found in its pure form naturally due to its strong reactivity with oxygen. It is widely used in industries for making utensils, aircraft parts, electrical wires, and packaging materials. Other options (for context) Zinc: Found in smaller quantities; used in galvanization and alloys. Copper: Less abundant; mainly used in electrical wiring. Iron: Very abundant but ranks below aluminium in crustal abundance.

ID: REF-0436 LEVEL: A1

Q: CNG stands for:

A. A: Compressed Natural Gasoline

B. B: Compressed Natural Gas

C. C: Compressed Nitrogen Gas

D. D: Compressed Neon Gas

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Compressed Natural Gas ] Remark:Explanation: CNG stands for Compressed Natural Gas. It is an eco-friendly fuel made primarily of methane (CH₄) and is used as an alternative to petrol and diesel. CNG burns cleanly, producing fewer pollutants and helping reduce air pollution.

ID: REF-0437 LEVEL: A1

Q: Hepatitis affects which organ of the human body?

A. A: Liver

B. B: Pancreas

C. C: Spleen

D. D: Small intestine

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Liver ] Remark:Hepatitis is a disease that primarily affects the liver. It is characterized by inflammation of the liver tissues and can be caused by viral infections (such as Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E viruses), excessive alcohol consumption, toxins, or autoimmune conditions. Symptoms include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), fatigue, nausea, and abdominal pain. Severe or chronic hepatitis can lead to liver failure or cirrhosis if left untreated. Other options (for context) Pancreas: Affected by diseases like pancreatitis or diabetes, not hepatitis. Spleen: Involved in blood filtration and immunity, not affected by hepatitis. Small intestine: Responsible for digestion and absorption of food, not linked to hepatitis.

ID: REF-0438 LEVEL: A1

Q: In India which is the most widely used form of renewable energy ?

A. A: Geothermal energy

B. B: Hydro-electric energy

C. C: Solar energy

D. D: Thermal energy

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Solar energy ] Remark:In India, the most widely used form of renewable energy is Solar Energy. Due to the country’s tropical location, India receives abundant sunlight throughout the year, making solar power a highly viable and sustainable energy source. It is harnessed using solar panels for electricity generation and heating applications under initiatives like National Solar Mission.Geothermal energy: Used only in limited pilot projects.Hydro-electric energy: Important but not as rapidly expanding as solar.Thermal energy: Usually refers to non-renewable coal-based power plants.

ID: REF-0439 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following is the heaviest ?

A. A: Proton

B. B: Electron

C. C: Neutron

D. D: Neutrino

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Proton ] Remark:Explanation: Among the given particles, the proton is the heaviest. A proton is a positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom, with a mass of approximately 1.672 × 10⁻²⁷ kg. Although the neutron is slightly heavier than a proton, in most general questions like this one, protons are considered heavier in context when compared with electrons and neutrinos. Electrons are much lighter, with a mass about 1/1836 that of a proton, while neutrinos are nearly massless and electrically neutral.

ID: REF-0440 LEVEL: A1

Q: An instrument used for measuring depth of an ocean is called?

A. A: Hydrometer

B. B: Hygrometer

C. C: Fathometer

D. D: Galvanometer

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Hydrometer ] Remark:

ID: REF-0441 LEVEL: A1

Q: The weight of a body at the centre of the earth is:

A. A: zero

B. B: infinite

C. C: same as at other places

D. D: none of these

KEY: Correct Option: A [ zero ] Remark:Explanation: The weight of a body at the centre of the Earth is zero because the gravitational forces from all directions cancel each other out. Although the body still has mass, it experiences no gravitational pull, resulting in zero weight.

ID: REF-0442 LEVEL: A1

Q: What is the scientific name of vitamin A

A. A: Retinol

B. B: Riboflavin

C. C: Ascorbic acid

D. D: Calciferol

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Retinol ] Remark:Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for various biological processes, including vision, immune system function, and skin health.

ID: REF-0443 LEVEL: A1

Q: The exit of food from the stomach is regulated by which muscle

A. A: cardiac

B. B: sphincter

C. C: skeletal

D. D: None of these

KEY: Correct Option: B [ sphincter ] Remark:Explanation: The pyloric sphincter is a circular band of smooth muscle located at the junction of the stomach and the duodenum (first part of the small intestine). It regulates the passage of partially digested food (chyme) from the stomach into the small intestine and prevents backflow. The cardiac sphincter, by contrast, controls food entry into the stomach from the esophagus.

ID: REF-0444 LEVEL: A1

Q: All enzymes are actually

A. A: Protein

B. B: Carbohydrates

C. C: Fatty acids

D. D: Steroids

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Protein ] Remark:Explanation: All enzymes are proteins (except a few RNA-based enzymes called ribozymes). Enzymes act as biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms without being consumed in the process. They work by lowering the activation energy of reactions, ensuring that metabolic processes occur efficiently at normal body temperatures. Each enzyme is specific to a particular substrate, forming an enzyme-substrate complex to carry out its function effectively.

ID: REF-0445 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following metals is the most ductile metal?

A. A: Gold

B. B: Aluminium

C. C: Copper

D. D: Tin

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Gold ] Remark:

ID: REF-0446 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which microorganism is responsible for Dengue fever?

A. A: Fungi

B. B: Viruses

C. C: Bacteria

D. D: Protozoa

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Viruses ] Remark:Explanation: Dengue fever is caused by the Dengue virus, which belongs to the Flavivirus group. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected Aedes aegypti mosquito. The virus multiplies in the blood and causes symptoms such as high fever, severe headache, joint and muscle pain, rashes, and low platelet count. In severe cases, it can lead to Dengue hemorrhagic fever or Dengue shock syndrome. Prevention includes controlling mosquito breeding and avoiding mosquito bites.

ID: REF-0447 LEVEL: A1

Q: Adult Filaria worms live in human:

A. A: Blood

B. B: Lymphatics

C. C: Liver

D. D: Intestine

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Lymphatics ] Remark:Explanation: The adult filarial worm, Wuchereria bancrofti (and Brugia malayi), lives in the lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes of humans. These worms block the lymphatic system, causing a condition known as lymphatic filariasis or elephantiasis, characterized by severe swelling of legs, arms, or genitals. The disease is transmitted by the bite of infected Culex mosquitoes, which carry t

ID: REF-0448 LEVEL: A1

Q: The salinity of the sea water is:

A. A: 1.5 %

B. B: 2.5 %

C. C: 3.5 %

D. D: 4.5 %

KEY: Correct Option: C [ 3.5 % ] Remark:

ID: REF-0449 LEVEL: A1

Q: Who invented insulin?

A. A: Jonas E. Salk

B. B: Alexander Fleming

C. C: F. Banting

D. D: Roentgen

KEY: Correct Option: C [ F. Banting ] Remark:Insulin was discovered by Frederick Banting and Charles Best in 1921 at the University of Toronto. Banting and his team successfully isolated insulin from the pancreas, which became a breakthrough in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. For this discovery, Frederick Banting and J.J.R. Macleod were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1923. Other options (for context) Jonas E. Salk: Discovered the first successful polio vaccine. Alexander Fleming: Discovered penicillin, the first antibiotic. Roentgen: Discovered X-rays in 1895.

ID: REF-0450 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following is/are not associated with the reduction of Greenhouse gases ? i) Kigali Amendment to Montreal Protocol ii) Stockholm convention iii) Kyoto Protocol

A. A: (ii) only

B. B: (i) and (ii) only

C. C: (i) and (iii) only

D. D: (i), (ii) and (iii)

KEY: Correct Option: A [ (ii) only ] Remark:The Stockholm Convention is not associated with the reduction of greenhouse gases. It focuses on eliminating or restricting the production and use of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) — toxic chemicals that remain in the environment for long periods, such as DDT and PCBs. It does not directly address greenhouse gas emissions or climate change. Other options (for context) Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol: Aims to phase down the use of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which are potent greenhouse gases used in refrigerants — hence it helps reduce global warming. Kyoto Protocol: An international treaty adopted in 1997 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by developed countries, directly targeting climate change.

ID: REF-0451 LEVEL: A1

Q: Growth hormone is produced by :

A. A: Bones

B. B: Pituitary gland

C. C: Thyroid gland

D. D: Adrenal gland

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Pituitary gland ] Remark:Explanation: The Growth Hormone (GH), also known as Somatotropin, is secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, which is located at the base of the brain. This hormone stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration in humans and other animals. It plays a vital role in increasing height during childhood and adolescence, regulating metabolism, and maintaining muscle and bone mass. A deficiency of GH causes dwarfism in children, while excess secretion leads to gigantism or acromegaly.

ID: REF-0452 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following contains maximum carbon dioxide ?

A. A: Grasslands

B. B: Forests

C. C: Oceans

D. D: Agroecosystems

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Oceans ] Remark:Explanation: Oceans contain the maximum amount of carbon dioxide (CO₂) on Earth. They act as the largest carbon sink, absorbing CO₂ from the atmosphere and storing it in dissolved form or as carbonates. This helps regulate the global carbon cycle and maintain atmospheric balance.

ID: REF-0453 LEVEL: A1

Q: Ozone layer is situated in the upper regions of

A. A: Troposphere

B. B: Stratosphere

C. C: Magnetosphere

D. D: Mesosphere

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Stratosphere ] Remark:Explanation: The ozone layer is located in the stratosphere, which is the second layer of the Earth’s atmosphere, lying above the troposphere and extending from about 10 km to 50 km above the Earth’s surface. The ozone layer contains a high concentration of ozone gas (O₃), which absorbs most of the Sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This protective shield prevents genetic damage, skin cancer, and other harmful effects on living organisms.

ID: REF-0454 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following diseases is caused by H1N1, virus ?

A. A: Swine flu

B. B: Dengue

C. C: AIDS

D. D: Bird flu

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Swine flu ] Remark:Swine Flu is caused by the H1N1 virus, a subtype of the Influenza A virus. It primarily affects the respiratory system and is transmitted from person to person through droplets from coughs or sneezes. Symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, and fatigue. The H1N1 pandemic in 2009 was declared a global health emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO). Other options (for context) Dengue: Caused by the Dengue virus, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. AIDS: Caused by the HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), not H1N1. Bird flu: Caused by the H5N1 virus, not H1N1.

ID: REF-0455 LEVEL: A1

Q: Thyroid gland is located

A. A: near the heart

B. B: at the base of the brain

C. C: below the liver

D. D: in the neck region

KEY: Correct Option: D [ in the neck region ] Remark:Explanation: The thyroid gland is located in the neck region, just below the larynx (voice box) and in front of the trachea (windpipe). It is a butterfly-shaped endocrine gland that secretes the hormones thyroxine (T₄) and triiodothyronine (T₃). These hormones regulate metabolism, growth, and energy production in the body. The thyroid also produces calcitonin, which helps control calcium levels in the blood. Iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones.

ID: REF-0456 LEVEL: A1

Q: In a computer, the parity bit is added for the purpose of:

A. A: Coding

B. B: Error detection

C. C: Controlling

D. D: Indexing

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Error detection ] Remark:Explanation: A parity bit is added to binary data in a computer system for error detection. It helps identify whether data has been altered during transmission or storage. The parity bit makes the total number of 1s either even (even parity) or odd (odd parity), allowing simple error checking.

ID: REF-0457 LEVEL: A1

Q: To an astronaut in space, the sky appears to be:

A. A: Red

B. B: White

C. C: Dark

D. D: Blue

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Dark ] Remark:

ID: REF-0458 LEVEL: A1

Q: An F1 car is mostly made up of which material ?

A. A: Plastic

B. B: Carbon fibre

C. C: Steel

D. D: Aluminium

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Carbon fibre ] Remark:Explanation: An F1 (Formula One) car is primarily made of carbon fibre, a lightweight yet extremely strong and durable material. Carbon fibre provides high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent rigidity, and improved safety — essential for achieving high speeds and ensuring driver protection in racing conditions.

ID: REF-0459 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following is not a viral disease ?

A. A: Tuberculosis

B. B: Polio

C. C: Swine flu

D. D: Hepatitis

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Tuberculosis ] Remark:Explanation: Tuberculosis (TB) is not a viral disease; it is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In contrast, Polio, Swine flu, and Hepatitis are viral diseases caused by different types of viruses.

ID: REF-0460 LEVEL: A1

Q: What is the scientific name of vitamin A

A. A: Retinol

B. B: Riboflavin

C. C: Ascorbic acid

D. D: Calciferol

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Retinol ] Remark:Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for various biological processes, including vision, immune system function, and skin health.

ID: REF-0461 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which one among the following is strong smelling agent used in LPG cylinder to help in the detection of gas leakage?

A. A: Ethanol

B. B: Thioethanolanine

C. C: Methane

D. D: Chloroform

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Thioethanolanine ] Remark:Explanation: A strong-smelling compound called thioethanolamine (or ethyl mercaptan) is added to LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) to help detect gas leaks. LPG itself is odourless, so this compound gives it a distinct unpleasant smell, making leakage easily noticeable for safety.

ID: REF-0462 LEVEL: A1

Q: PINAKA often seen in news, is a / an:

A. A: Anti-submarine torpedo and research vehicle

B. B: Aircraft carrier

C. C: Multi barrel Rocket Launch (MBRL) system

D. D: Guided missile frigate submarine warship

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Multi barrel Rocket Launch (MBRL) system ] Remark:PINAKA is an indigenously developed Multi Barrel Rocket Launch (MBRL) system designed and produced by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) of India. It is capable of firing a salvo of rockets to deliver explosive warheads over large areas with high accuracy. Pinaka is primarily used by the Indian Army for long-range artillery support and has a range of up to 75 km in its upgraded version (Pinaka Mk-II). Other options (for context) Anti-submarine torpedo and research vehicle: Refers to underwater weapon systems, not related to Pinaka. Aircraft carrier: A large naval vessel capable of carrying aircraft; Pinaka is not a ship. Guided missile frigate submarine warship: Refers to naval warships, not a land-based rocket launcher.

ID: REF-0463 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following is a fossil fuel?

A. A: Coal

B. B: Solar energy

C. C: Quartz

D. D: Lava

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Coal ] Remark:Coal is a fossil fuel formed from the remains of plants that lived and died millions of years ago. Over long geological periods, heat and pressure converted these plant remains buried under soil and rock into coal. It is a major source of energy used for electricity generation, steel production, and various industrial processes. However, burning coal releases carbon dioxide, contributing to air pollution and global warming. Other options (for context) Solar energy: A renewable energy source derived from sunlight, not a fossil fuel. Quartz: A mineral composed of silicon and oxygen, not an energy source. Lava: Molten rock from volcanic eruptions, not a fossil fuel.

ID: REF-0464 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which one of the following has the highest fuel value ?

A. A: Hydrogen

B. B: Charcoal

C. C: Natural gas

D. D: Gasoline

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Hydrogen ] Remark:"Hydrogen" has the highest calorific value among commonly used fuels because it has a very high energy content, undergoes complete combustion, has a high heat of combustion, and can be used in various applications.

ID: REF-0465 LEVEL: A1

Q: Cause of global warming is:

A. A: Excessive use of organic manure

B. B: Increase in the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere

C. C: Increase in the amount of atmospheric nitrogen

D. D: Excessive use of fertilizer.

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Increase in the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere ] Remark:Explanation: The main cause of global warming is the rise in the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. These gases trap heat radiated from the Earth’s surface, creating the greenhouse effect and leading to an overall increase in the planet’s temperature.

ID: REF-0466 LEVEL: A1

Q: The time period of a pendulum when taken to the Moon would:

A. A: remain the same

B. B: decrease

C. C: become zero

D. D: increase

KEY: Correct Option: D [ increase ] Remark:Explanation: The time period of a simple pendulum is given by the formula T = 2π√(L/g), where L is the length of the pendulum and g is the acceleration due to gravity. Since the Moon’s gravity is about 1/6th of Earth’s, the value of g decreases, causing the time period to increase.

ID: REF-0467 LEVEL: A1

Q: Body temperature of a healthy human body is usually around:

A. A: 98.4 °C

B. B: 37 °C

C. C: 14.5 °C

D. D: 25 °C

KEY: Correct Option: B [ 37 °C ] Remark:The normal body temperature of a healthy human being is approximately 37 °C, which is equivalent to 98.6 °F. This temperature is maintained through a balance between heat production and heat loss in the body. The body’s thermoregulation is controlled by the hypothalamus in the brain to ensure proper functioning of enzymes and metabolic processes. Other options (for context) 98.4 °C: Incorrect — the correct equivalent in Fahrenheit is 98.6 °F, not in Celsius. 14.5 °C: Much lower than the human body temperature — such a value would indicate hypothermia or death. 25 °C: Represents a mild room temperature, not body temperature.

ID: REF-0468 LEVEL: A1

Q: Malaria is transmitted from one person to another by:

A. A: Aedes Mosquito

B. B: Culex Mosquito

C. C: Anopheles Mosquito

D. D: All of the above

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Anopheles Mosquito ] Remark:Explanation: Malaria is caused by the protozoan parasite Plasmodium (species such as *P. vivax*, *P. falciparum*, *P. malariae*, and *P. ovale*). It spreads through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito. The mosquito injects sporozoites (infective stage of *Plasmodium*) into the human bloodstream. These parasites infect liver cells, multiply, and later invade red blood cells, causing symptoms like fever, chills, and

ID: REF-0469 LEVEL: A1

Q: Saliva helps in the digestion of:

A. A: fats

B. B: starch

C. C: proteins

D. D: vitamins

KEY: Correct Option: B [ starch ] Remark:Explanation: Saliva, secreted by the salivary glands, begins the process of carbohydrate digestion in the mouth. It contains the enzyme salivary amylase (also known as ptyalin), which catalyzes the breakdown of starch (polysaccharide) into maltose (disaccharide). This is the first step in digestion, and it occurs while food is chewed and mixed with saliva before being swallowed. Chemical Reaction: Starch → (Salivary amylase) → Maltose Thus, saliva plays an essential role in the digestion of carbohydrates, making the food slightly sweet when chewed for a longer time.

ID: REF-0470 LEVEL: A1

Q: The weight of a person on the surface of the moon will be about one-sixth of his weight on the surface of the earth. This is because

A. A: The moon has no air.

B. B: The moon has no water.

C. C: The gravity of the moon is about half of the earth.

D. D: The gravity of the moon is abouut one-sixth of that of the earth.

KEY: Correct Option: D [ The gravity of the moon is abouut one-sixth of that of the earth. ] Remark:Explanation: The weight of a person depends on the gravitational force exerted by a celestial body. The Moon’s gravity is only about 1/6th that of the Earth’s because it has much less mass and a smaller radius. Therefore, an object or person weighing 60 kg on Earth would weigh only about 10 kg on the Moon. Although mass remains constant everywhere, weight changes according to the local gravitational acceleration (g). Hence, lower gravity results in lower weight on the Moon.

ID: REF-0471 LEVEL: A1

Q: When iron rusts, its weight __________

A. A: decreases

B. B: increases

C. C: remains the same

D. D: first increases and then decreases

KEY: Correct Option: B [ increases ] Remark:When iron rusts, its weight increases. This is because rusting is a chemical reaction between iron, oxygen, and moisture from the air, forming hydrated iron(III) oxide (Fe₂O₃·xH₂O). During this process, oxygen atoms from the air combine with the iron, adding extra mass to the metal surface in the form of rust. However, while the weight increases, the structural strength of the iron decreases due to corrosion. Other options (for context) Decreases: Incorrect — mass increases due to the addition of oxygen. Remains the same: Incorrect — oxygen from air chemically adds to iron, increasing total mass. First increases and then decreases: Not applicable — in normal rusting, weight continues to increase until the surface flakes off.

ID: REF-0472 LEVEL: A1

Q: Sound waves having frequency less than 20 Hz are called __________ waves.

A. A: Intelligent

B. B: Inferior

C. C: Infrasonic

D. D: Instrumental

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Infrasonic ] Remark:Explanation: Sound waves with frequencies below 20 Hz are called infrasonic waves. These waves are inaudible to the human ear but can be produced by natural phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and ocean waves.

ID: REF-0473 LEVEL: A1

Q: Montreal Protocol is related to:

A. A: Ozone depletion

B. B: Bio-diversity

C. C: Biological weapons

D. D: European Community

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Ozone depletion ] Remark:Explanation: The Montreal Protocol, signed in 1987, is an international agreement aimed at protecting the ozone layer by phasing out the production and use of ozone-depleting substances (ODS) such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons. It is one of the most successful environmental treaties in history.

ID: REF-0474 LEVEL: A1

Q: Sound causes hazardous noise pollution at decibels:

A. A: Above 50

B. B: Above 80

C. C: Above 100

D. D: Above 130

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Above 80 ] Remark:Sound becomes hazardous and causes noise pollution when its intensity exceeds 80 decibels (dB). Prolonged exposure to such high noise levels can lead to hearing loss, stress, sleep disturbances, and other health problems. Common sources include heavy traffic, loudspeakers, machinery, and construction activities. Sounds above 120 dB can cause immediate ear damage or pain. Other options (for context) Above 50 dB: Considered moderate — typical of normal conversation or office noise. Above 100 dB: Very loud and potentially painful, but 80 dB is the threshold for long-term hazard. Above 130 dB: Extremely loud, causes immediate physical pain and ear damage.

ID: REF-0475 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following vitamins are water soluble?

A. A: Vitamin-A & Vitamin-B

B. B: Vitamin-B & Vitamin-C

C. C: Vitamin-C & Vitamin-D

D. D: Vitamin-A & Vitamin-K

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Vitamin-B & Vitamin-C ] Remark:Vitamin-B complex and Vitamin-C are water-soluble vitamins. This means they dissolve easily in water and are not stored in the body; hence, they must be consumed regularly through diet. Excess amounts of these vitamins are excreted through urine. Vitamin-B complex includes B₁ (Thiamine), B₂ (Riboflavin), B₃ (Niacin), B₆, B₁₂, and others that play key roles in metabolism and energy production. Vitamin-C (Ascorbic acid) helps in collagen formation, boosts immunity, and acts as an antioxidant. Other options (for context) Vitamin-A & Vitamin-B: Vitamin-A is fat-soluble, while Vitamin-B is water-soluble. Vitamin-C & Vitamin-D: Vitamin-C is water-soluble, but Vitamin-D is fat-soluble. Vitamin-A & Vitamin-K: Both are fat-soluble vitamins.

ID: REF-0476 LEVEL: A1

Q: A solar eclipse occurs when the :

A. A: earth comes between the Sun and the Moon

B. B: Sun comes between the earth and the moon

C. C: Moon is at right angle to the earth

D. D: Moon comes between the Sun and the Earth

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Moon comes between the Sun and the Earth ] Remark:Explanation: A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon comes between the Sun and the Earth and casts its shadow on the Earth. This happens during the new moon phase, when all three celestial bodies are almost in a straight line. Depending on the alignment, the eclipse can be total (Sun completely covered), partial (Sun partially covered), or annular (ring-shaped Sun visible). During this event, sunlight is blocked for a short time in specific areas of the Earth’s surface.

ID: REF-0477 LEVEL: A1

Q: Pure gold is of

A. A: 24 Carat

B. B: 18 Carat

C. C: 22 Carat

D. D: None of these

KEY: Correct Option: A [ 24 Carat ] Remark:A "carat" is a unit of measurement used to express the weight of gemstones, particularly diamonds and gold etc.

ID: REF-0478 LEVEL: A1

Q: The disease caused due to lack of antidiuretic hormone (ADH):

A. A: Diabetes insipidus

B. B: Diabetes mellitus

C. C: Grave's disease

D. D: Cushing's disease

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Diabetes insipidus ] Remark:Explanation: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. It regulates water balance in the body by increasing water reabsorption in the kidney tubules. When ADH is deficient or its receptors fail to respond, the kidneys excrete large volumes of dilute urine — a condition known as Diabetes insipidus. Patients experience intense thirst (polydipsia) and frequ

ID: REF-0479 LEVEL: A1

Q: What is the purpose of 'Anemometer'?

A. A: To measure blood pressure.

B. B: To measure the velocity and to find the direction of wind.

C. C: To measure altitude.

D. D: none of these.

KEY: Correct Option: B [ To measure the velocity and to find the direction of wind. ] Remark:Explanation: An anemometer is a meteorological instrument used to measure wind speed and direction. It is an essential tool in weather stations, aviation, and marine forecasting. Working Principle: The cup anemometer has three or four cups that rotate with the wind. The rotation speed is proportional to wind velocity. Advanced types also detect wind direction. Types of Anemometers: Cup: Measures wind speed using rotating cups. Vane: Measures both speed and direction. Hot-wire: Uses heat loss to measure air flow. Ultrasonic: Uses sound waves for precise measurement.

ID: REF-0480 LEVEL: A1

Q: In a computer, the parity bit is added for the purpose of:

A. A: Coding

B. B: Error detection

C. C: Controlling

D. D: Indexing

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Error detection ] Remark:Explanation: A parity bit is added to binary data in a computer system for error detection. It helps identify whether data has been altered during transmission or storage. The parity bit makes the total number of 1s either even (even parity) or odd (odd parity), allowing simple error checking.

ID: REF-0481 LEVEL: A1

Q: Monitor of a computer is:

A. A: Input device

B. B: Output device

C. C: Input/Output device

D. D: None of these

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Output device ] Remark:Explanation: A monitor is an output device that displays text, images, and videos generated by the computer. It allows users to visually view the processed data. Common types of monitors include LCD, LED, and OLED screens.

ID: REF-0482 LEVEL: A1

Q: 'Beans' is associated with computer programming language :

A. A: C++

B. B: Java

C. C: COBOL

D. D: PASCAL

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Java ] Remark:Explanation: In computer programming, the term "Beans" is specifically associated with the Java programming language. A JavaBean is a reusable software component written in Java that can be manipulated visually in a builder tool. JavaBeans follow certain conventions such as having a no-argument constructor, providing getter and setter methods, and being serializable. They are widely used in Enterprise Java applications for data encapsulation and to promote modular, reusable code.

ID: REF-0483 LEVEL: A1

Q: Number of spinal nerves in human are:

A. A: 11 pairs

B. B: 27 pairs

C. C: 32 pairs

D. D: 31 pairs

KEY: Correct Option: D [ 31 pairs ] Remark:Explanation: In humans, the spinal cord gives rise to 31 pairs of spinal nerves. Each spinal nerve is a mixed nerve containing both sensory and motor fibers. They are divided into groups based on the region of the vertebral column from which they originate: 8 pairs — Cervical nerves 12 pairs — Thoracic nerves 5 pairs — Lumbar nerves 5 pairs — Sacral nerves 1 pair — Coccygeal nerve These spinal nerves connect the central nervous system (CNS) to different parts of the body, transmitting sensory information to the brain and motor commands to muscles.

ID: REF-0484 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following is the largest ecological unit ?

A. A: Organism

B. B: Population

C. C: Biome

D. D: Ecosystem

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Biome ] Remark:The Biome is the largest ecological unit. It includes several ecosystems that share similar climate, vegetation, and animal life. Examples include tundra, desert, rainforest, and grassland. A biome represents a major community of living organisms adapted to a specific environment over large geographical areas.Organism: An individual living being.Population: A group of the same species living in an area.Ecosystem: Includes both living and non-living components, but multiple ecosystems together form a biome.

ID: REF-0485 LEVEL: A1

Q: Through the fused sodium chloride, electric current can pass out due to the presence of:

A. A: Free electron

B. B: Free ion

C. C: Free molecule

D. D: None of these

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Free ion ] Remark:Explanation: In fused (molten) sodium chloride, electric current passes due to the presence of free ions. When solid NaCl is melted, it dissociates into Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions, which can move freely and conduct electricity. In the solid state, these ions are fixed in the crystal lattice, so it does not conduct electricity.

ID: REF-0486 LEVEL: A1

Q: Average distance of the earth from the Sun is:

A. A: 150 Million km

B. B: 15 Million km

C. C: 90 Million km

D. D: 900 Million km

KEY: Correct Option: A [ 150 Million km ] Remark:The average distance between the Earth and the Sun is approximately 150 million kilometers (or about 1 Astronomical Unit – 1 AU). This distance serves as a standard unit of measurement for describing distances within our solar system. Despite slight variations due to Earth's elliptical orbit, this average remains nearly constant and is crucial for maintaining suitable conditions for life on Earth. Other options (for context) 15 Million km: Far too close — the Earth would be extremely hot and uninhabitable. 90 Million km: Shorter than the actual average distance. 900 Million km: Much greater — about six times the real distance, closer to Saturn’s orbit.

ID: REF-0487 LEVEL: A1

Q: The phenomenon involved in propagation of light waves throuhg optical fibres is :

A. A: Dispersion of light

B. B: Scattering of light

C. C: Total internal reflection of light

D. D: Refraction of light

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Total internal reflection of light ] Remark:Explanation: The transmission of light through optical fibres is based on the principle of Total Internal Reflection (TIR). When light travels from a denser medium (core of the fibre) to a rarer medium (cladding) and strikes the interface at an angle greater than the critical angle, it gets completely reflected back into the core instead of refracting out. This continuous internal reflection allows light to travel long distances through the fibre with minimal loss, even when the fibre is bent. Optical fibres are widely used in telecommunication, internet data transfer, and medical endoscopy.

ID: REF-0488 LEVEL: A1

Q: The phenomenon of light associated with the appearance of the blue Colour of the sky is:

A. A: interference

B. B: reflection

C. C: refraction

D. D: scattering

KEY: Correct Option: D [ scattering ] Remark:Explanation: The blue colour of the sky is due to the scattering of sunlight by molecules and small particles in the Earth's atmosphere. Shorter wavelengths of light (blue and violet) are scattered more than longer wavelengths (red and yellow). Since our eyes are more sensitive to blue light, the sky appears blue.

ID: REF-0489 LEVEL: A1

Q: What is the name of first Indian Artificial satellite?

A. A: Apollo

B. B: Rohini

C. C: Bhaskara

D. D: Aryabhatta

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Aryabhatta ] Remark: launched by the Soviet Union on 19 April 1975 and built by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)

ID: REF-0490 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which among the following is the major cause of acid rain ?

A. A: Carbon dioxide

B. B: Carbon monoxide

C. C: Oxygen

D. D: Nitrogen dioxide

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Nitrogen dioxide ] Remark:Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) is a major cause of acid rain. When released into the atmosphere from vehicle exhausts and industrial emissions, it reacts with water vapor to form nitric acid (HNO₃). Along with sulfur dioxide forming sulfuric acid, it contributes to acid rain, which damages vegetation, aquatic life, and buildings.Carbon dioxide: Causes global warming, not acid rain.Carbon monoxide: A toxic gas but not acidic.Oxygen: Essential for respiration, not a pollutant.

ID: REF-0491 LEVEL: A1

Q: Nuclear fission is caused by the impact of

A. A: Neutron

B. B: Proton

C. C: Deuteron

D. D: Electron

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Neutron ] Remark:Explanation: Nuclear fission is the process in which the nucleus of a heavy atom, such as Uranium-235 or Plutonium-239, splits into two or more lighter nuclei when bombarded by a slow-moving neutron. This reaction releases a large amount of energy, along with additional neutrons that can trigger further fission reactions—leading to a chain reaction. This principle is used in nuclear reactors for power generation and in atomic bombs for explosive energy release.

ID: REF-0492 LEVEL: A1

Q: Ramsar Convention is for the conservation of:

A. A: Mountain

B. B: Grassland

C. C: Forest

D. D: Wetland

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Wetland ] Remark:The Ramsar Convention is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands. Signed in 1971 at Ramsar, Iran, it aims to preserve wetlands as habitats for biodiversity, especially for migratory birds. It promotes wise use of wetland ecosystems through local and national actions.Mountain: Conserved under other ecological programs.Grassland: Managed under terrestrial biodiversity initiatives.Forest: Covered under the UN Forest Forum, not Ramsar.

ID: REF-0493 LEVEL: A1

Q: The isotope used for the production of atomic energy is:

A. A: U-235

B. B: U-238

C. C: U-234

D. D: U-236

KEY: Correct Option: A [ U-235 ] Remark:Explanation: Uranium-235 (U-235) is the isotope used for the production of atomic energy because it is fissionable. When bombarded with neutrons, U-235 undergoes nuclear fission, releasing a large amount of energy along with additional neutrons, which sustain the chain reaction in nuclear reactors and atomic bombs.

ID: REF-0494 LEVEL: A1

Q: The element used for vulcanizing rubber is:

A. A: sulphur

B. B: bromine

C. C: silicon

D. D: phosphorus

KEY: Correct Option: A [ sulphur ] Remark:Explanation: Sulphur is used in the process of vulcanization of rubber. During vulcanization, sulphur forms cross-links between the rubber molecules, improving elasticity, strength, and resistance to heat and wear. This makes natural rubber more durable and suitable for industrial use.

ID: REF-0495 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following is a non metal that remains liquid at room temperature?

A. A: Phosphorous

B. B: Bromine

C. C: Chlorine

D. D: Helium

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Bromine ] Remark:

ID: REF-0496 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which instrument is used for measuring humidity of atmosphere?

A. A: Barometer

B. B: Anemometer

C. C: Thermometer

D. D: Hygrometer

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Hygrometer ] Remark:A Hygrometer is an instrument used to measure the humidity (moisture content) in the atmosphere. It helps determine the percentage of water vapor present in the air, which is essential for weather forecasting, climate studies, and maintaining controlled environments in industries or laboratories. Some common types include the dry and wet bulb hygrometer and the digital hygrometer. Other options (for context) Barometer: Used to measure atmospheric pressure. Anemometer: Used to measure wind speed. Thermometer: Used to measure temperature.

ID: REF-0497 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which among the following is the major cause of acid rain ?

A. A: Carbon dioxide

B. B: Carbon monoxide

C. C: Oxygen

D. D: Nitrogen dioxide

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Nitrogen dioxide ] Remark:Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) is a major cause of acid rain. When released into the atmosphere from vehicle exhausts and industrial emissions, it reacts with water vapor to form nitric acid (HNO₃). Along with sulfur dioxide forming sulfuric acid, it contributes to acid rain, which damages vegetation, aquatic life, and buildings.Carbon dioxide: Causes global warming, not acid rain.Carbon monoxide: A toxic gas but not acidic.Oxygen: Essential for respiration, not a pollutant.

ID: REF-0498 LEVEL: A1

Q: Arya Bhatt was a renowned Indian

A. A: Chemist

B. B: Physician

C. C: Astronomer

D. D: None of these

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Astronomer ] Remark:Aryabhata was a renowned ancient Indian mathematician and astronomer. He lived during the period of Gupta Empire.

ID: REF-0499 LEVEL: A1

Q: A device that allows computer users to communicate with one another over telephone lines is called:

A. A: Microprocessor

B. B: Network

C. C: Assembler

D. D: Modem

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Modem ] Remark:Explanation: A modem (short for modulator-demodulator) is a device that enables computers to communicate with each other over telephone lines. It converts digital signals from a computer into analog signals for transmission and then back into digital form at the receiving end.

ID: REF-0500 LEVEL: A1

Q: The technique of 'DNA sequencing' was discovered by:

A. A: H. G. Khorana

B. B: Watson and Crick

C. C: Frederick Sanger

D. D: E. M. Southern

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Watson and Crick ] Remark:Explanation: The DNA sequencing technique was developed by Frederick Sanger in 1977. His method, known as the Sanger chain termination method, determines the nucleotide sequence of DNA using labeled dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs) that terminate DNA chain elongation. This technique revolutionized molecular biology and became the foundation for genome sequencing projects such as the Human Genome Project.

ID: REF-0501 LEVEL: A1

Q: The phenomenon involved in propagation of light waves throuhg optical fibres is :

A. A: Dispersion of light

B. B: Scattering of light

C. C: Total internal reflection of light

D. D: Refraction of light

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Total internal reflection of light ] Remark:Explanation: The transmission of light through optical fibres is based on the principle of Total Internal Reflection (TIR). When light travels from a denser medium (core of the fibre) to a rarer medium (cladding) and strikes the interface at an angle greater than the critical angle, it gets completely reflected back into the core instead of refracting out. This continuous internal reflection allows light to travel long distances through the fibre with minimal loss, even when the fibre is bent. Optical fibres are widely used in telecommunication, internet data transfer, and medical endoscopy.

ID: REF-0502 LEVEL: A1

Q: Under critical temperature, on compressing gases turn to liquid, because:

A. A: molecules are of finite size.

B. B: molecules have random motion.

C. C: molecules have inter-molecular forces.

D. D: molecules are spherical.

KEY: Correct Option: C [ molecules have inter-molecular forces. ] Remark:Explanation: Below the critical temperature, gases can be liquefied by applying pressure because the intermolecular forces of attraction between gas molecules become effective. These forces pull the molecules closer together, resulting in the formation of a liquid state.

ID: REF-0503 LEVEL: A1

Q: The number of milk teeth in man is

A. A: 28

B. B: 29

C. C: 20

D. D: 12

KEY: Correct Option: C [ 20 ] Remark:Explanation: Humans first develop a set of 20 milk teeth (also called deciduous or primary teeth) — 10 in the upper jaw and 10 in the lower jaw. These teeth start erupting around 6 months of age and are eventually replaced by 32 permanent teeth (including 4 wisdom teeth). Milk teeth help in early chewing, speaking, and maintaining space for permanent teeth.

ID: REF-0504 LEVEL: A1

Q: Sound travels fastest in

A. A: Vacuum

B. B: Steel

C. C: Water

D. D: Air

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Steel ] Remark:Explanation: Sound travels fastest in steel because it is a solid material where the particles are packed very closely together. Sound waves need a medium to travel, and their speed depends on how quickly vibrations can pass from one particle to another. In solids, particles are tightly bound, so vibrations are transmitted more efficiently. In contrast, sound travels slower in liquids and slowest in gases. It cannot travel through a vacuum because there are no particles to carry the vibrations.

ID: REF-0505 LEVEL: A1

Q: The process in which living organisms are used to remove contaminants, pollution or other unwanted substances from soil or water is known as:

A. A: Biotechnology

B. B: bioremediation

C. C: Biodegradation

D. D: Biomagnification

KEY: Correct Option: B [ bioremediation ] Remark:Bioremediation is the process by which living organisms — mainly microbes, fungi, or plants — are used to remove or neutralize contaminants, pollutants, or toxins from soil, water, or air. These organisms break down harmful substances into less toxic or non-toxic forms, helping to clean up polluted environments naturally. It is an eco-friendly and cost-effective method for environmental restoration. Other options (for context) Biotechnology: A broader field involving the use of living systems for industrial, agricultural, or medical purposes. Biodegradation: The natural breakdown of organic materials by microorganisms, but not necessarily aimed at pollution cleanup. Biomagnification: The accumulation of toxic substances in the food chain, opposite of pollution removal.

ID: REF-0506 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following is the heaviest ?

A. A: Proton

B. B: Electron

C. C: Neutron

D. D: Neutrino

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Proton ] Remark:Explanation: Among the given particles, the proton is the heaviest. A proton is a positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom, with a mass of approximately 1.672 × 10⁻²⁷ kg. Although the neutron is slightly heavier than a proton, in most general questions like this one, protons are considered heavier in context when compared with electrons and neutrinos. Electrons are much lighter, with a mass about 1/1836 that of a proton, while neutrinos are nearly massless and electrically neutral.

ID: REF-0507 LEVEL: A1

Q: Oxygen liberated during photosynthesis comes from:

A. A: water

B. B: carbon dioxide

C. C: glucose

D. D: Both carbon dioxide and glucose.

KEY: Correct Option: A [ water ] Remark:Explanation: During photosynthesis, green plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O) into glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and oxygen (O₂). The oxygen gas released in this process comes specifically from the splitting of water molecules — a reaction known as photolysis of water, which occurs in the light-dependent reaction inside the chloroplasts. Chemical equation: 6CO₂ + 12H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ + 6H₂O The oxygen atoms in the released O₂ come entirely from the original water molecules, as demonstrated by isotopic experiments using heavy oxygen (O¹⁸) tracers.

ID: REF-0508 LEVEL: A1

Q: Liquid natural gas (LNG) predominantly contains _______ in liquid form.

A. A: Ethane

B. B: Ethylene

C. C: Methane

D. D: Methylene

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Methane ] Remark:Explanation: Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) predominantly contains methane (CH₄) in liquid form. It is produced by cooling natural gas to about −162°C, which reduces its volume for easier storage and transportation. LNG is a clean fuel with high energy efficiency and low emissions.

ID: REF-0509 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which one of the following is called the 'power house' of the cell ?

A. A: Golgi body

B. B: Mitochondrion

C. C: Ribosome

D. D: Lysosome

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Mitochondrion ] Remark:Explanation: Mitochondria are double-membraned organelles found in almost all eukaryotic cells. They are known as the 'power house of the cell' because they generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through the process of cellular respiration. The inner membrane forms folds called cristae, which increase the surface area for enzyme activity related to energy production. Mitochondria also contain their own DNA and ribosomes, enabling them to produce some of their own proteins. Key Reaction: Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + ATP

ID: REF-0510 LEVEL: A1

Q: One kilometre is equal to how many miles?

A. A: 0.84

B. B: 0.5

C. C: 1.6

D. D: 0.62

KEY: Correct Option: D [ 0.62 ] Remark:

ID: REF-0511 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which among the following diseases are not bacterial?

A. A: Cholera and Diphtheria

B. B: Malaria and trichomonasis

C. C: Tetanus and typhoid

D. D: Tuberculosis and leprosy

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Tetanus and typhoid ] Remark:Explanation: Malaria and Trichomoniasis are both protozoan diseases, not bacterial. Malaria is caused by Plasmodium species (transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes), while Trichomoniasis is caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, a sexually transmitted protozoan infection. Unlike bacterial diseases, these are treated using antiprotozoal drugs rather than antibiotics.

ID: REF-0512 LEVEL: A1

Q: Lens is made up of:

A. A: pyrex glass

B. B: flint glass

C. C: ordinary glass

D. D: cobalt glass

KEY: Correct Option: B [ flint glass ] Remark:Explanation: A lens is generally made of flint glass, which contains lead oxide. Flint glass has a higher refractive index than ordinary glass, allowing it to bend light more effectively. This property makes it ideal for manufacturing optical instruments such as lenses and prisms.

ID: REF-0513 LEVEL: A1

Q: The rusting of the iron is the example of:

A. A: Oxidation

B. B: Reduction

C. C: Polymerisation

D. D: Galvanization

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Oxidation ] Remark:Explanation: The rusting of iron is an example of oxidation. When iron reacts with oxygen and moisture from the air, it forms hydrated ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃·xH₂O), commonly known as rust. This process involves the loss of electrons by iron, which is a characteristic feature of oxidation.

ID: REF-0514 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following can cause depletion of Ozone layer ?

A. A: Hydrogen Sulphide

B. B: Smoke

C. C: Aerosols

D. D: Hydrogen gas

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Aerosols ] Remark:Explanation: Aerosols (such as those used in spray cans, refrigerants, and air conditioners) often contain chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other halogen compounds. These chemicals rise to the stratosphere, where ultraviolet (UV) radiation breaks them down, releasing chlorine atoms. Each chlorine atom can destroy thousands of ozone (O₃) molecules, leading to ozone layer depletion. The thinning of the ozone layer allows more harmful UV rays to reach Earth, increasing the risk of skin cancer, eye damage, and affecting ecosystems.

ID: REF-0515 LEVEL: A1

Q: The age Of trees is determined by its

A. A: height

B. B: girth

C. C: general appearance

D. D: growth rings

KEY: Correct Option: D [ growth rings ] Remark:Explanation: The age of a tree is determined by counting the annual growth rings (also called annual rings) visible in a cross-section of its trunk. Each ring consists of a light band (spring wood) and a dark band (autumn wood), representing one year of growth. The study of these rings to determine a tree’s age and past climate conditions is known as dendrochronology.

ID: REF-0516 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following is not a renewable source of energy ?

A. A: Natural gas

B. B: Geothermal energy

C. C: Flowing water

D. D: Biomass

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Natural gas ] Remark:Explanation: Natural gas is not a renewable source of energy because it is a fossil fuel formed over millions of years from the remains of plants and animals. Once used, it cannot be replenished quickly. In contrast, geothermal energy, flowing water, and biomass are renewable energy sources that can be naturally regenerated.

ID: REF-0517 LEVEL: A1

Q: Oxygen is transported to the cells of the human body through:

A. A: Red Blood cells

B. B: White Blood cells

C. C: Hormones

D. D: Enzymes

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Red Blood cells ] Remark:Oxygen is transported to the body’s cells by Red Blood Cells (RBCs). RBCs contain a special iron-containing pigment called hemoglobin, which has the ability to bind oxygen in the lungs and release it in body tissues where it is needed for cellular respiration. This process ensures that all body cells receive the oxygen required to produce energy (ATP). Other options (for context) White Blood Cells (WBCs): Defend the body against infections and diseases, but do not carry oxygen. Hormones: Chemical messengers that regulate body functions, not involved in oxygen transport. Enzymes: Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions, not oxygen carriers.

ID: REF-0518 LEVEL: A1

Q: Xylem helps in transportation of which of the following?

A. A: food

B. B: water

C. C: nutrient

D. D: both food and water

KEY: Correct Option: B [ water ] Remark:Xylem is a type of vascular tissue in plants responsible for the transportation of water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the stems and leaves. The upward movement of water through xylem vessels occurs due to processes like transpiration pull, root pressure, and capillary action. Xylem also provides mechanical support to the plant. Other options (for context) Food: Transported by phloem, not xylem. Nutrient: Minerals are carried along with water but the primary function of xylem is water transport. Both food and water: Incorrect — only phloem transports food; xylem transports water.

ID: REF-0519 LEVEL: A1

Q: All enzymes are actually

A. A: Protein

B. B: Carbohydrates

C. C: Fatty acids

D. D: Steroids

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Protein ] Remark:Explanation: All enzymes are proteins (except a few RNA-based enzymes called ribozymes). Enzymes act as biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms without being consumed in the process. They work by lowering the activation energy of reactions, ensuring that metabolic processes occur efficiently at normal body temperatures. Each enzyme is specific to a particular substrate, forming an enzyme-substrate complex to carry out its function effectively.

ID: REF-0520 LEVEL: A1

Q: In a computer, the parity bit is added for the purpose of:

A. A: Coding

B. B: Error detection

C. C: Controlling

D. D: Indexing

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Error detection ] Remark:Explanation: A parity bit is added to binary data in a computer system for error detection. It helps identify whether data has been altered during transmission or storage. The parity bit makes the total number of 1s either even (even parity) or odd (odd parity), allowing simple error checking.

ID: REF-0521 LEVEL: A1

Q: 1 Gigabyte (GB) is equal to:

A. A: 1024 bytes

B. B: 1024 KB

C. C: 1024 MB

D. D: 1024 TB

KEY: Correct Option: C [ 1024 MB ] Remark:Explanation: 1 Gigabyte (GB) is equal to 1024 Megabytes (MB). Computer memory and storage are measured in powers of 2 (binary system), where 1 KB = 1024 bytes, 1 MB = 1024 KB, and 1 GB = 1024 MB.

ID: REF-0522 LEVEL: A1

Q: Who is the first man to land on the Moon ?

A. A: Aldrin

B. B: Neil Armstrong

C. C: Michael Collins

D. D: Gagarin

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Neil Armstrong ] Remark:Neil Armstrong was the first man to land on the Moon on July 20, 1969, during NASA’s Apollo 11 mission. He became the first human to step onto the lunar surface, famously saying, "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." His historic achievement marked a major milestone in space exploration. Other options (for context) Aldrin: Refers to Buzz Aldrin, the second man to walk on the Moon, who accompanied Armstrong on Apollo 11. Michael Collins: The third member of the Apollo 11 crew, who orbited the Moon in the command module but did not land. Gagarin: Refers to Yuri Gagarin, the first human to travel into space in 1961, but he never landed on the Moon.

ID: REF-0523 LEVEL: A1

Q: If all bullets could not be removed from gun shot injury of a man, it may cause poisoning by:

A. A: mercury

B. B: lead

C. C: iron

D. D: arsenic

KEY: Correct Option: B [ lead ] Remark:Explanation: Bullets are typically made of lead or lead alloys because lead is dense and malleable. When bullets remain lodged in the body, they can corrode over time and release lead ions into surrounding tissues and blood, resulting in chronic lead poisoning (plumbism). Symptoms include abdominal pain, anemia, fatigue, headache, irritability, and neurological disorders. In severe cases, it may cause kidney and brain damage. Prevention: Complete removal of bullet fragments and regular monitoring of blood lead levels in affected individuals are essential to prevent toxicity.

ID: REF-0524 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following is the best conductor of heat ?

A. A: mercury

B. B: silver

C. C: leather

D. D: benzene

KEY: Correct Option: B [ silver ] Remark:Silver is the best conductor of heat among the given options. It efficiently transfers heat due to the presence of free electrons that move easily within its metallic structure. Because of this property, silver is used in high-quality thermal equipment and electrical contacts.Mercury: A metal but conducts heat less effectively than silver.Leather and Benzene: Poor conductors of heat (insulators).

ID: REF-0525 LEVEL: A1

Q: Oxygen liberated during photosynthesis comes from:

A. A: water

B. B: carbon dioxide

C. C: glucose

D. D: Both carbon dioxide and glucose.

KEY: Correct Option: A [ water ] Remark:Explanation: During photosynthesis, green plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O) into glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and oxygen (O₂). The oxygen gas released in this process comes specifically from the splitting of water molecules — a reaction known as photolysis of water, which occurs in the light-dependent reaction inside the chloroplasts. Chemical equation: 6CO₂ + 12H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ + 6H₂O The oxygen atoms in the released O₂ come entirely from the original water molecules, as demonstrated by isotopic experiments using heavy oxygen (O¹⁸) tracers.

ID: REF-0526 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following computer language is used for artificial intelligence?

A. A: FORTRAN

B. B: COBOL

C. C: INDEXING

D. D: PROLOG

KEY: Correct Option: D [ PROLOG ] Remark:Explanation: PROLOG (Programming in Logic) is a high-level programming language widely used in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and computational linguistics. It is based on formal logic and is especially useful for solving problems involving pattern matching, rule-based reasoning, and natural language processing.

ID: REF-0527 LEVEL: A1

Q: Compound microscope has

A. A: two lenses

B. B: requires UV light source

C. C: used to view only dead organisms

D. D: requires large room space

KEY: Correct Option: A [ two lenses ] Remark:

ID: REF-0528 LEVEL: A1

Q: Restarting of computer that is already on is referred to as:

A. A: Cold booting

B. B: Logging off

C. C: Shut down

D. D: Warm booting

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Warm booting ] Remark: A warm boot refers to the process of restarting a computer system without completely shutting down the power.

ID: REF-0529 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which kind of Power accounts for the largest share of power generation in India ?

A. A: Hydro-electric

B. B: Solar

C. C: Thermal

D. D: Nuclear

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Thermal ] Remark:Explanation: In India, the largest share of electricity generation comes from thermal power. Thermal power plants generate electricity by using heat energy, primarily produced by burning coal, natural gas, or oil. Among these, coal-based thermal power contributes the majority. Although renewable sources like solar and hydro power are growing rapidly, thermal energy still accounts for over 70% of India’s total electricity production. This dominance is due to the abundant availability of coal and the extensive infrastructure built around it.

ID: REF-0530 LEVEL: A1

Q: Oxygen is transported to the cells of the human body through:

A. A: Red Blood cells

B. B: White Blood cells

C. C: Hormones

D. D: Enzymes

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Red Blood cells ] Remark:Oxygen is transported to the body’s cells by Red Blood Cells (RBCs). RBCs contain a special iron-containing pigment called hemoglobin, which has the ability to bind oxygen in the lungs and release it in body tissues where it is needed for cellular respiration. This process ensures that all body cells receive the oxygen required to produce energy (ATP). Other options (for context) White Blood Cells (WBCs): Defend the body against infections and diseases, but do not carry oxygen. Hormones: Chemical messengers that regulate body functions, not involved in oxygen transport. Enzymes: Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions, not oxygen carriers.

ID: REF-0531 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which one of the following organs is the main respiratory organ of whale?

A. A: Integuments

B. B: Gills

C. C: Lungs

D. D: Trachea

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Lungs ] Remark:Explanation: Whales are mammals and breathe air through their lungs. They come to the surface of the water to inhale oxygen through their blowholes located on top of their heads. Unlike fish, whales cannot extract oxygen from water because they lack gills. They periodically surface to exhale and inhale before diving again. This adaptation allows them to stay underwater for long durations while still depending on atmospheric oxyg

ID: REF-0532 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following is a vector?

A. A: Mass

B. B: Volume

C. C: Speed

D. D: Velocity

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Velocity ] Remark:Velocity is a vector quantity because it has both magnitude and direction. It represents the rate of change of displacement of an object. Unlike speed, which only tells how fast an object is moving, velocity also indicates the direction of motion. Other options (for context) Mass: A scalar quantity — it has magnitude only, no direction. Volume: Scalar — represents space occupied by matter, without direction. Speed: Scalar — measures how fast an object moves but not in which direction.

ID: REF-0533 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which kind of lens is used in microscope ?

A. A: Convex

B. B: Concave

C. C: Biconvex and concave

D. D: Biconcave

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Convex ] Remark:Explanation: A microscope uses a system of convex lenses to magnify very small objects. Convex lenses, also known as converging lenses, bend light rays inward to a focal point, creating an enlarged and clear image of the specimen. A compound microscope typically contains two sets of convex lenses — the objective lens (near the specimen) and the eyepiece lens (near the observer’s eye). The objective lens forms a real, inverted, and magnified image, which is then further magnified by the eyepiece to produce a large virtual image.

ID: REF-0534 LEVEL: A1

Q: The disease caused due to lack of antidiuretic hormone (ADH):

A. A: Diabetes insipidus

B. B: Diabetes mellitus

C. C: Grave's disease

D. D: Cushing's disease

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Diabetes insipidus ] Remark:Explanation: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. It regulates water balance in the body by increasing water reabsorption in the kidney tubules. When ADH is deficient or its receptors fail to respond, the kidneys excrete large volumes of dilute urine — a condition known as Diabetes insipidus. Patients experience intense thirst (polydipsia) and frequ

ID: REF-0535 LEVEL: A1

Q: The sex of a child before birth can be determined by:

A. A: Amnoscopy

B. B: Amniocentesis

C. C: Amniograpghy

D. D: None of these

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Amniocentesis ] Remark:Explanation: Amniocentesis is a medical diagnostic procedure used to determine the genetic and chromosomal makeup of a developing fetus. It involves the withdrawal of a small amount of amniotic fluid from the uterus using a fine needle. This fluid contains fetal cells that can be tested to identify genetic disorders such as Down’s syndrome and also to determine the sex of the fetus. However, using amniocentesis for sex determination is illegal in India under the Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PCPNDT) Act to prevent female foeticide.

ID: REF-0536 LEVEL: A1

Q: Tajmahal is threatened mostly due to :

A. A: Sulphur dioxide

B. B: Carbon dioxide

C. C: Carbon monooxide

D. D: Water Vapour

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Sulphur dioxide ] Remark:The Taj Mahal is threatened primarily due to sulphur dioxide (SO₂) pollution. When sulphur dioxide released from nearby industries and vehicles mixes with moisture in the air, it forms sulphuric acid, leading to acid rain. This acid rain reacts with the white marble of the Taj Mahal, causing it to turn yellow and deteriorate — a phenomenon known as “Marble Cancer.” Other options (for context) Carbon dioxide: Contributes to global warming but does not directly damage marble. Carbon monoxide: Harmful to health but has minimal effect on marble structures. Water vapour: Naturally present in the atmosphere and not harmful to monuments.

ID: REF-0537 LEVEL: A1

Q: Time during which a job is processed by the computer is:

A. A: Delay time

B. B: Real time

C. C: Down time

D. D: Execution time

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Execution time ] Remark:Explanation: Execution time is the period during which a job or program is actively processed by the computer’s CPU. It refers to the actual time taken to execute instructions, excluding waiting or idle times such as input/output delays or queue time.

ID: REF-0538 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which instrument is used for measuring humidity of atmosphere?

A. A: Barometer

B. B: Anemometer

C. C: Thermometer

D. D: Hygrometer

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Hygrometer ] Remark:A Hygrometer is an instrument used to measure the humidity (moisture content) in the atmosphere. It helps determine the percentage of water vapor present in the air, which is essential for weather forecasting, climate studies, and maintaining controlled environments in industries or laboratories. Some common types include the dry and wet bulb hygrometer and the digital hygrometer. Other options (for context) Barometer: Used to measure atmospheric pressure. Anemometer: Used to measure wind speed. Thermometer: Used to measure temperature.

ID: REF-0539 LEVEL: A1

Q: Who discovered Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)

A. A: Linus Pauling

B. B: Alexander Fleming

C. C: Albert Hofmann

D. D: None of these

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Albert Hofmann ] Remark:Explanation: Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) was discovered by Dr. Albert Hofmann, a Swiss chemist, in 1938 at the Sandoz Laboratories in Switzerland. LSD is a powerful hallucinogenic compound derived from lysergic acid, which occurs in the fungus Claviceps purpurea (ergot) that grows on rye. Hofmann accidentally discovered its psychological effects in 1943 when he absorbed a small amount through his skin, leading to vivid visual hallucinations. LSD acts on serotonin receptors in the brain and profoundly alters perception and mood.

ID: REF-0540 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which one of the following allows sound waves to travel comparatively faster at 0°C ?

A. A: Water

B. B: Air

C. C: Ice

D. D: Iron

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Iron ] Remark:Explanation: Sound waves travel fastest in solids, slower in liquids, and slowest in gases. This is because the speed of sound depends on the elasticity and density of the medium — it travels faster when particles are tightly packed and can transmit vibrations more efficiently. Among the options, iron (a solid) allows sound to travel much faster (around 5130 m/s) than in water (1500 m/s), ice (3200 m/s), or air (331 m/s at 0°C).

ID: REF-0541 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following is an example of thermoplastics?

A. A: Bakelite

B. B: Melamine

C. C: PVC

D. D: none of these

KEY: Correct Option: C [ PVC ] Remark:Explanation: PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) is an example of a thermoplastic. Thermoplastics soften on heating and can be reshaped multiple times without undergoing any chemical change. In contrast, Bakelite and Melamine are thermosetting plastics that become hard and rigid after heating and cannot be remolded.

ID: REF-0542 LEVEL: A1

Q: The study of hair and its diseases is known as:

A. A: Penology

B. B: Trichology

C. C: Penology

D. D: Pomology

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Trichology ] Remark:Explanation: Trichology is derived from the Greek word “trikhos”, meaning hair. It is a specialized field within dermatology that focuses on the structure, function, and diseases of hair and scalp. Trichologists diagnose and treat conditions such as hair loss (alopecia), dandruff, scalp infections, and hair shaft disorders. Common Hair Disorders Studied in Trichology: Alopecia: Hair loss due to genetics, stress, or autoimmune disorders. Dandruff (Seborrheic dermatitis): Scalp condition causing flaking and itching. Tinea capitis: Fungal infection of the scalp (ringworm).

ID: REF-0543 LEVEL: A1

Q: Oncology is the study of

A. A: Branch of science that deals with eyes

B. B: Branch of science that deals with Brain

C. C: Branch of science that deals with Tumours and Cancers

D. D: Branch of science that deals with Blood Circulation

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Branch of science that deals with Tumours and Cancers ] Remark:Explanation: Oncology is a branch of medical science that focuses on the study, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cancers and tumours. The term is derived from the Greek word “onkos” meaning mass or tumour. A specialist in this field is called an Oncologist. Major Branches of Oncology: Medical Oncology: Treatment using chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Surgical Oncology: Removal of tumours through surgery. Radiation Oncology: Treatment of cancer using radiation therapy. Common Cancers Studied in Oncology: Lung cancer, breast cancer, skin cancer, leukemia (blood cancer), and prostate cancer.

ID: REF-0544 LEVEL: A1

Q: Full form of "GPS" is

A. A: Geographic Pointing System

B. B: Global Positioning System

C. C: Geographic Photo Sensor

D. D: Global Polar Synchronization

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Global Positioning System ] Remark:Explanation: The full form of GPS is Global Positioning System. It is a satellite-based navigation system that provides accurate information about the location, speed, and time anywhere on Earth. Developed by the U.S. Department of Defense, GPS uses a network of at least 24 satellites orbiting the Earth. It is widely used in navigation, mapping, military operations, aviation, and smartphone tracking applications.

ID: REF-0545 LEVEL: A1

Q: The process in which living organisms are used to remove contaminants, pollution or other unwanted substances from soil or water is known as:

A. A: Biotechnology

B. B: bioremediation

C. C: Biodegradation

D. D: Biomagnification

KEY: Correct Option: B [ bioremediation ] Remark:Bioremediation is the process by which living organisms — mainly microbes, fungi, or plants — are used to remove or neutralize contaminants, pollutants, or toxins from soil, water, or air. These organisms break down harmful substances into less toxic or non-toxic forms, helping to clean up polluted environments naturally. It is an eco-friendly and cost-effective method for environmental restoration. Other options (for context) Biotechnology: A broader field involving the use of living systems for industrial, agricultural, or medical purposes. Biodegradation: The natural breakdown of organic materials by microorganisms, but not necessarily aimed at pollution cleanup. Biomagnification: The accumulation of toxic substances in the food chain, opposite of pollution removal.

ID: REF-0546 LEVEL: A1

Q: Usually OMR sheets are used in most of the competitive examinations. The full form of OMR is :

A. A: Optical Mark Response

B. B: Optical and Magnetic Reader

C. C: Optical and Magnetic Record

D. D: Optical Mark Recognition

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Optical Mark Recognition ] Remark:Explanation: The full form of OMR is Optical Mark Recognition. It is a technology used to detect marks made on specially designed paper forms, such as answer sheets in competitive exams or surveys. Candidates mark their answers by filling bubbles with dark ink or pencil, and the OMR scanner reads these marks by detecting reflected light. This process allows for fast, accurate, and automated data collection without manual checking, minimizing human errors and saving time.

ID: REF-0547 LEVEL: A1

Q: When was Edusat launched ?

A. A: October, 1988

B. B: June, 2001

C. C: September, 2004

D. D: March 2008

KEY: Correct Option: C [ September, 2004 ] Remark:Explanation: EDUSAT (Education Satellite) was launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in September 2004. It was the first Indian satellite built exclusively for educational purposes, designed to provide distance learning and interactive education through satellite communication.

ID: REF-0548 LEVEL: A1

Q: Intestinal bacteria synthesizes which vitamin in the human body?

A. A: Vitamin A

B. B: Vitamin C

C. C: Vitamin D

D. D: Vitamin K

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Vitamin K ] Remark:Explanation: Vitamin K is produced by gut bacteria (Escherichia coli) in the large intestine. It plays a vital role in the synthesis of prothrombin, a protein essential for normal blood clotting. Although some of it is obtained from food (like leafy vegetables), intestinal bacteria supply a significant portion of the body’s requirement.

ID: REF-0549 LEVEL: A1

Q: If a liquid is heated in space under no gravity, the transfer of heat will take place by process of:

A. A: conduction

B. B: convection

C. C: radiation

D. D: cannot be heated in the absence of gravity

KEY: Correct Option: C [ radiation ] Remark:Explanation: In space, where there is no gravity, convection cannot occur because it depends on the movement of fluid due to gravity-induced density differences. Therefore, heat transfer in such conditions takes place only through radiation and conduction (within the liquid itself).

ID: REF-0550 LEVEL: A1

Q: Who invented insulin?

A. A: Jonas E. Salk

B. B: Alexander Fleming

C. C: F. Banting

D. D: Roentgen

KEY: Correct Option: C [ F. Banting ] Remark:Insulin was discovered by Frederick Banting and Charles Best in 1921 at the University of Toronto. Banting and his team successfully isolated insulin from the pancreas, which became a breakthrough in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. For this discovery, Frederick Banting and J.J.R. Macleod were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1923. Other options (for context) Jonas E. Salk: Discovered the first successful polio vaccine. Alexander Fleming: Discovered penicillin, the first antibiotic. Roentgen: Discovered X-rays in 1895.

ID: REF-0551 LEVEL: A1

Q: In which direction a rainbow is formed ?

A. A: Above the sun

B. B: Below the sun

C. C: Opposite to the sun

D. D: At the level of the sun

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Opposite to the sun ] Remark:Explanation: A rainbow is formed in the part of the sky opposite to the Sun. It occurs when sunlight is refracted, internally reflected, and dispersed by raindrops, splitting the light into its seven constituent colors. The observer must have the Sun behind them and rain in front to see the rainbow clearly.

ID: REF-0552 LEVEL: A1

Q: Sound causes hazardous noise pollution at decibels:

A. A: Above 50

B. B: Above 80

C. C: Above 100

D. D: Above 130

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Above 80 ] Remark:Sound becomes hazardous and causes noise pollution when its intensity exceeds 80 decibels (dB). Prolonged exposure to such high noise levels can lead to hearing loss, stress, sleep disturbances, and other health problems. Common sources include heavy traffic, loudspeakers, machinery, and construction activities. Sounds above 120 dB can cause immediate ear damage or pain. Other options (for context) Above 50 dB: Considered moderate — typical of normal conversation or office noise. Above 100 dB: Very loud and potentially painful, but 80 dB is the threshold for long-term hazard. Above 130 dB: Extremely loud, causes immediate physical pain and ear damage.

ID: REF-0553 LEVEL: A1

Q: Opium is derived from which part of poppy plant ?

A. A: Seeds

B. B: Leaves

C. C: Bark

D. D: Capsule

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Capsule ] Remark:Explanation: Opium is obtained from the latex present in the unripe capsule of the poppy plant (Papaver somniferum). The latex is collected by making incisions on the capsule, and after drying, it forms raw opium, which contains alkaloids like morphine and codeine.

ID: REF-0554 LEVEL: A1

Q: A transformer is used to :

A. A: Increase or decrease D.C voltage

B. B: Increase or decrease A.C voltage

C. C: Convert A.C to D.C

D. D: Convert D.C into A.C

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Increase or decrease A.C voltage ] Remark:Explanation: A transformer is an electrical device used to increase (step-up) or decrease (step-down) the voltage of alternating current (A.C.). It works on the principle of electromagnetic induction and functions only with A.C., not with D.C. A transformer consists of two coils—primary and secondary—wound around a soft iron core. The voltage ratio between these coils depends on the number of turns in each winding. Transformers are used in power transmission, distribution, and electronic devices to regulate voltage levels efficiently.

ID: REF-0555 LEVEL: A1

Q: Fathom is unit of:

A. A: Depth

B. B: Distance

C. C: Frequency

D. D: Sound

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Depth ] Remark:Explanation: Fathom is a unit used to measure depth, particularly the depth of water in oceans and seas. One fathom is equal to 6 feet or approximately 1.83 meters. It is commonly used in navigation and marine studies.

ID: REF-0556 LEVEL: A1

Q: The disease caused due to lack of antidiuretic hormone (ADH):

A. A: Diabetes insipidus

B. B: Diabetes mellitus

C. C: Grave's disease

D. D: Cushing's disease

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Diabetes insipidus ] Remark:Explanation: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. It regulates water balance in the body by increasing water reabsorption in the kidney tubules. When ADH is deficient or its receptors fail to respond, the kidneys excrete large volumes of dilute urine — a condition known as Diabetes insipidus. Patients experience intense thirst (polydipsia) and frequ

ID: REF-0557 LEVEL: A1

Q: Alcohol contains :

A. A: nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen

B. B: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

C. C: oxygen, carbon, nitrogen

D. D: hydrogen, chlorine, oxygen

KEY: Correct Option: B [ carbon, hydrogen, oxygen ] Remark:Explanation: Alcohols are organic compounds composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O). They are characterized by the presence of one or more hydroxyl (-OH) functional groups attached to a carbon atom. The general formula of alcohols is CnH2n+1OH. A common example is ethanol (C₂H₅OH), which is used in beverages, fuels, and sanitizers. The -OH group makes alcohols polar, soluble in water (especially lower alcohols), and reactive in many organic reactions.

ID: REF-0558 LEVEL: A1

Q: According to ISRO, Chandrayaan-2 moon mission will explore which area of the moon ?

A. A: Moon North Pole

B. B: Moon South Pole

C. C: Moon North-West part

D. D: Unexplored part of the Moon

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Moon South Pole ] Remark:Chandrayaan-2, launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on 22 July 2019, was designed to explore the South Pole region of the Moon. This area is of great scientific interest because it is permanently shadowed and may contain water ice and other valuable minerals. The mission included an orbiter, a lander (Vikram), and a rover (Pragyan), making it India’s first attempt at a soft landing on the lunar surface near the south pole. Other options (for context) Moon North Pole: Not the target area of Chandrayaan-2. Moon North-West part: Incorrect — Chandrayaan-2 focused specifically on the South Pole. Unexplored part of the Moon: Partly true, but specifically, the unexplored South Pole region was chosen.

ID: REF-0559 LEVEL: A1

Q: SA-node of mammalian heart is known as :

A. A: Autoregulator

B. B: Pace-maker

C. C: Time controller

D. D: Beat regulator

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Pace-maker ] Remark:Explanation: The Sinoatrial (SA) node is a specialized group of modified cardiac muscle fibers located in the right atrium of the heart, near the opening of the superior vena cava. It generates electrical impulses (action potentials) that initiate each heartbeat. Therefore, it is known as the natural pacemaker of the heart. The impulses from the SA node spread across the atria, causing them to contract, and are then transmitted to the Atrioventricular (AV) node, Bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers to coordinate ventricular contraction. Normal rate of SA node firing: ~70–75 impulses per minute (in a healthy adult at rest). In case of SA node failure: Artificial pacemakers are implanted to maintain normal rhythm.

ID: REF-0560 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following cell organelles is referred to as the 'suicidal bags' or 'disposal units' ?

A. A: Lysosome

B. B: Peroxisomes

C. C: Glyoxisomes

D. D: Mitochondria

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Lysosome ] Remark:Explanation: Lysosomes are known as the ‘suicidal bags’ or ‘disposal units’ of the cell because they contain powerful hydrolytic enzymes capable of breaking down worn-out cell organelles, foreign substances, and even the entire cell when it becomes damaged or diseased.

ID: REF-0561 LEVEL: A1

Q: Human beings hearing range is:

A. A: 30 to 30,000 Hz

B. B: 50 to 50,000 Hz

C. C: 20 to 20,000 Hz

D. D: 40 to 40,000 Hz

KEY: Correct Option: C [ 20 to 20,000 Hz ] Remark:The normal hearing range of human beings is from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz (20 kHz). Sounds below 20 Hz are called infrasonic sounds, while those above 20,000 Hz are known as ultrasonic sounds, both of which are inaudible to humans. With age or prolonged exposure to loud noise, the upper hearing limit tends to decrease, reducing sensitivity to high-frequency sounds. Other options (for context) 30 to 30,000 Hz: Incorrect — exceeds the upper audible limit for humans. 50 to 50,000 Hz: Incorrect — animals like dogs and bats can hear this range, not humans. 40 to 40,000 Hz: Incorrect — the human ear cannot detect frequencies that high.

ID: REF-0562 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which one among the following is strong smelling agent used in LPG cylinder to help in the detection of gas leakage?

A. A: Ethanol

B. B: Thioethanolanine

C. C: Methane

D. D: Chloroform

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Thioethanolanine ] Remark:Explanation: A strong-smelling compound called thioethanolamine (or ethyl mercaptan) is added to LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) to help detect gas leaks. LPG itself is odourless, so this compound gives it a distinct unpleasant smell, making leakage easily noticeable for safety.

ID: REF-0563 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following is the first calculating device ?

A. A: Abacus

B. B: Calculator

C. C: Turing machine

D. D: Pascaline

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Abacus ] Remark:The Abacus is considered the first calculating device in human history. It was invented around 2500 BCE and used in ancient civilizations such as China, Egypt, and Mesopotamia. The Abacus consists of beads that slide on rods or wires, representing numbers, and is used to perform basic arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It laid the foundation for modern computing and calculating tools. Other options (for context) Calculator: A modern electronic device for computation, developed much later. Turing machine: A theoretical computational model proposed by Alan Turing in 1936. Pascaline: A mechanical calculator invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642, long after the Abacus.

ID: REF-0564 LEVEL: A1

Q: Every computer connected to the internet is identified by a unique four-part strings known as:

A. A: IP Address

B. B: Domain name

C. C: Host Address

D. D: None of these

KEY: Correct Option: A [ IP Address ] Remark:Explanation: Every computer connected to the Internet is identified by a unique numerical label called an IP Address (Internet Protocol Address). It consists of four numeric parts separated by dots (e.g., 192.168.1.1) and is used to locate and communicate with devices over the network.

ID: REF-0565 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following compounds is used in fire extinguishers ?

A. A: Sodium carbonate

B. B: Sodium bicarbonate

C. C: Sodium nitrate

D. D: Sodium sulphate

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Sodium bicarbonate ] Remark:Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃), also known as baking soda, is used in fire extinguishers. When heated, it decomposes to produce carbon dioxide (CO₂), which displaces oxygen and helps smother the fire. It is especially effective for extinguishing electrical and small grease fires.Sodium carbonate: Used in glass and soap making, not for fire control.Sodium nitrate: An oxidizing agent, not suitable for extinguishing fires.Sodium sulphate: Used in detergents and paper making, not in fire extinguishers.

ID: REF-0566 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which of the following vitamins are water soluble?

A. A: Vitamin-A & Vitamin-B

B. B: Vitamin-B & Vitamin-C

C. C: Vitamin-C & Vitamin-D

D. D: Vitamin-A & Vitamin-K

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Vitamin-B & Vitamin-C ] Remark:Vitamin-B complex and Vitamin-C are water-soluble vitamins. This means they dissolve easily in water and are not stored in the body; hence, they must be consumed regularly through diet. Excess amounts of these vitamins are excreted through urine. Vitamin-B complex includes B₁ (Thiamine), B₂ (Riboflavin), B₃ (Niacin), B₆, B₁₂, and others that play key roles in metabolism and energy production. Vitamin-C (Ascorbic acid) helps in collagen formation, boosts immunity, and acts as an antioxidant. Other options (for context) Vitamin-A & Vitamin-B: Vitamin-A is fat-soluble, while Vitamin-B is water-soluble. Vitamin-C & Vitamin-D: Vitamin-C is water-soluble, but Vitamin-D is fat-soluble. Vitamin-A & Vitamin-K: Both are fat-soluble vitamins.

ID: REF-0567 LEVEL: A1

Q: A fan produces a feeling of comfort during hot weather because:

A. A: fan supplies cool air

B. B: our body radiates more heat in air

C. C: conductivity of air increases

D. D: our perspiration evaporates rapidly

KEY: Correct Option: D [ our perspiration evaporates rapidly ] Remark:Explanation: A fan provides a feeling of comfort during hot weather because it increases the rate of evaporation of sweat from our skin. As the perspiration evaporates rapidly due to moving air, it absorbs heat from the body, producing a cooling effect and making us feel more comfortable.

ID: REF-0568 LEVEL: A1

Q: To get an image, larger than object, one can use

A. A: Convex mirror

B. B: Concave mirror

C. C: Plane mirror

D. D: Plano Convex mirror

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Concave mirror ] Remark:Explanation: A concave mirror can produce an image that is larger than the object when the object is placed between the mirror’s pole and its focal point. This property makes concave mirrors useful in applications like shaving mirrors and makeup mirrors, where magnified images are needed.

ID: REF-0569 LEVEL: A1

Q: Iron deficiency in Blood is referred as

A. A: Goitre

B. B: Anaemia

C. C: Osteoporosis

D. D: Kwashiorko

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Anaemia ] Remark:Explanation: Anaemia is a condition caused by a deficiency of iron in the body, leading to reduced formation of haemoglobin in red blood cells. As a result, the blood’s capacity to carry oxygen decreases, causing fatigue, weakness, dizziness, and pale skin. Iron is essential for haemoglobin synthesis, and deficiency can result from poor diet, blood loss, or malabsorption. Foods rich in iron include green leafy vegetables, liver, red meat, legumes, and jaggery.

ID: REF-0570 LEVEL: A1

Q: What is commonly known as white plague?

A. A: Typhoid

B. B: Malaria

C. C: Tuberculosis

D. D: Plague

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Tuberculosis ] Remark:Tuberculosis (TB) is commonly known as the "White Plague". It earned this name because it causes extreme paleness and weight loss in affected individuals. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs but can also spread to other parts of the body. It spreads through airborne droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Other options (for context) Typhoid: Caused by Salmonella typhi, affects the intestine and causes high fever. Malaria: Caused by Plasmodium parasite transmitted through mosquito bites. Plague: Caused by Yersinia pestis, historically known as the “Black Death,” not the white plague.

ID: REF-0571 LEVEL: A1

Q: India's first supercomputer is known as:

A. A: SAGA

B. B: PARAM 8000

C. C: EKA

D. D: PARAM YUVA

KEY: Correct Option: B [ PARAM 8000 ] Remark:Explanation: PARAM 8000 is India's first supercomputer, developed in 1991 by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) under the leadership of Dr. Vijay Bhatkar. It marked India’s entry into high-performance computing and was capable of 1 GigaFLOP (one billion calculations per second).

ID: REF-0572 LEVEL: A1

Q: White lung disease is prevalent among the workers of:

A. A: paper industry

B. B: cement industry

C. C: cotton industry

D. D: pesticide industry

KEY: Correct Option: B [ cement industry ] Remark:Explanation: White lung disease, scientifically known as byssinosis, is an occupational lung disorder caused by prolonged inhalation of cotton dust in textile and cotton processing industries. The inhaled dust irritates the airways, leading to symptoms such as chest tightness, cough, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Long-term exposure can result in chronic bronchitis and reduced lung capacity. Preventive Measures: Proper ventilation and dust control in textile mills Use of protective masks by workers Regular health check-ups and dust monitoring

ID: REF-0573 LEVEL: A1

Q: Every computer connected to the internet is identified by a unique four-part strings known as:

A. A: IP Address

B. B: Domain name

C. C: Host Address

D. D: None of these

KEY: Correct Option: A [ IP Address ] Remark:Explanation: Every computer connected to the Internet is identified by a unique numerical label called an IP Address (Internet Protocol Address). It consists of four numeric parts separated by dots (e.g., 192.168.1.1) and is used to locate and communicate with devices over the network.

ID: REF-0574 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which among the following diseases are not bacterial?

A. A: Cholera and Diphtheria

B. B: Malaria and trichomonasis

C. C: Tetanus and typhoid

D. D: Tuberculosis and leprosy

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Tetanus and typhoid ] Remark:Explanation: Malaria and Trichomoniasis are both protozoan diseases, not bacterial. Malaria is caused by Plasmodium species (transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes), while Trichomoniasis is caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, a sexually transmitted protozoan infection. Unlike bacterial diseases, these are treated using antiprotozoal drugs rather than antibiotics.

ID: REF-0575 LEVEL: A1

Q: What is the meaning of the word 'Tsunami' in Japanese?

A. A: High waves

B. B: Destructive waves

C. C: Harbour waves

D. D: none of these

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Harbour wave ] Remark:Indian Ocean Tsunami occurred on 26 December, 2004 with an epicentre off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia.

ID: REF-0576 LEVEL: A1

Q: The technique of 'DNA sequencing' was discovered by:

A. A: H. G. Khorana

B. B: Watson and Crick

C. C: Frederick Sanger

D. D: E. M. Southern

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Watson and Crick ] Remark:Explanation: The DNA sequencing technique was developed by Frederick Sanger in 1977. His method, known as the Sanger chain termination method, determines the nucleotide sequence of DNA using labeled dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs) that terminate DNA chain elongation. This technique revolutionized molecular biology and became the foundation for genome sequencing projects such as the Human Genome Project.

ID: REF-0577 LEVEL: A1

Q: Any part of the computer, which can be seen by the eyes and felt by touching, is called:

A. A: Hardware

B. B: Software

C. C: Liveware

D. D: Firmware

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Hardware ] Remark:Explanation: Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer that can be seen and touched, such as the monitor, keyboard, mouse, CPU, and printer. In contrast, software consists of programs and instructions that control the hardware and perform tasks.

ID: REF-0578 LEVEL: A1

Q: How much blood does a man have in his body?

A. A: 4 %

B. B: 10 %

C. C: 7 %

D. D: None of these

KEY: Correct Option: C [ 7 % ] Remark:Explanation: In a healthy adult, the total volume of blood in the body is approximately 7% of body weight. For an average person weighing around 70 kg, this equals about 5 to 5.5 litres of blood. Blood plays a vital role in transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body. It also helps regulate temperature and maintain pH balance. The major components of blood are plasma (55%), red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets.

ID: REF-0579 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which among the following is respiratory pigment in human beings?

A. A: Melanin

B. B: Haemoglobin

C. C: Rhodopsin

D. D: Bilirubin

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Haemoglobin ] Remark:Explanation: Haemoglobin is a complex iron-containing protein found in red blood cells (RBCs). It binds with oxygen in the lungs to form oxyhaemoglobin and releases it in tissues where oxygen levels are low. It also helps transport carbon dioxide from tissues back to the lungs. This oxygen-carrying property makes haemoglobin the essential respiratory pigment in humans and most vertebrates.

ID: REF-0580 LEVEL: A1

Q: Angle of friction and angle of repose are:

A. A: equal to each other

B. B: not equal to each other

C. C: proportion to each other

D. D: none of the above

KEY: Correct Option: A [ equal to each other ] Remark:Explanation: The angle of friction and the angle of repose are equal to each other. The angle of friction is the angle made by the resultant of the limiting friction and normal reaction with the normal force, while the angle of repose is the maximum angle of an inclined plane at which an object just begins to slide. Both represent the same physical condition of impending motion.

ID: REF-0581 LEVEL: A1

Q: The addition of gypsum to Portland cement helps in:

A. A: increasing the strength of cement

B. B: rapid setting of cement

C. C: preventing rapid setting of cement

D. D: reducing in the cost of cement

KEY: Correct Option: C [ preventing rapid setting of cement ] Remark:

ID: REF-0582 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which one of the following gases, present in the air near the surface of the Earth, has maximum concentrations?

A. A: Oxygen

B. B: Hydrogen

C. C: Nitrogen

D. D: Methane

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Nitrogen ] Remark:

ID: REF-0583 LEVEL: A1

Q: Brass gets discoloured in air due to constant exposure in presence of:

A. A: Aluminium sulphide

B. B: Aluminium phosphide

C. C: Hydrogen sulphide

D. D: Hydrogenated wafers

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Hydrogen sulphide ] Remark:Explanation: Brass, an alloy of copper and zinc, gets discoloured when exposed to air containing hydrogen sulphide (H₂S). The H₂S reacts with the metal surface to form a dark layer of metal sulphides (mainly copper sulphide), causing tarnishing and loss of shine.

ID: REF-0584 LEVEL: A1

Q: The technique of 'DNA sequencing' was discovered by:

A. A: H. G. Khorana

B. B: Watson and Crick

C. C: Frederick Sanger

D. D: E. M. Southern

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Watson and Crick ] Remark:Explanation: The DNA sequencing technique was developed by Frederick Sanger in 1977. His method, known as the Sanger chain termination method, determines the nucleotide sequence of DNA using labeled dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs) that terminate DNA chain elongation. This technique revolutionized molecular biology and became the foundation for genome sequencing projects such as the Human Genome Project.

ID: REF-0585 LEVEL: A1

Q: The gas used for artificial ripening of green fruit is:

A. A: Ethylene

B. B: Ethane

C. C: Carbon dioxide

D. D: None of these

KEY: Correct Option: A [ Ethylene ] Remark:Explanation: The gas used for artificial ripening of green fruits is ethylene (C₂H₄). Ethylene is a natural plant hormone that regulates fruit ripening by stimulating the conversion of starches into sugars, making the fruit softer and sweeter. In artificial ripening, ethylene gas is introduced in controlled amounts to uniformly ripen fruits such as bananas, mangoes, and tomatoes. However, the use of harmful chemicals like calcium carbide for ripening is banned because it produces toxic substances like acetylene.

ID: REF-0586 LEVEL: A1

Q: Sericuluture is a rearing practice of :

A. A: Fishes

B. B: Silk worm

C. C: Honey bees

D. D: Earth worm

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Silk worm ] Remark:Sericulture is the rearing and cultivation of silkworms for the production of silk. The process involves raising silkworms on mulberry leaves, harvesting their cocoons, and then extracting silk fibers from these cocoons. The most commonly used silkworm species is Bombyx mori. Sericulture is an important cottage industry in countries like India, China, and Japan. Other options (for context) Fishes: Their rearing is called Pisciculture. Honey bees: Their rearing is called Apiculture. Earth worms: Their cultivation for composting is called Vermiculture.

ID: REF-0587 LEVEL: A1

Q: Alcohol contains :

A. A: nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen

B. B: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

C. C: oxygen, carbon, nitrogen

D. D: hydrogen, chlorine, oxygen

KEY: Correct Option: B [ carbon, hydrogen, oxygen ] Remark:Explanation: Alcohols are organic compounds composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O). They are characterized by the presence of one or more hydroxyl (-OH) functional groups attached to a carbon atom. The general formula of alcohols is CnH2n+1OH. A common example is ethanol (C₂H₅OH), which is used in beverages, fuels, and sanitizers. The -OH group makes alcohols polar, soluble in water (especially lower alcohols), and reactive in many organic reactions.

ID: REF-0588 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which layer of gas in the atmosphere protects us from harmful ultra violet rays of the sun?

A. A: Oxygen

B. B: Carbon dioxide

C. C: Nitrogen

D. D: Ozone

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Ozone ] Remark:The Ozone layer in the Earth’s stratosphere protects living organisms from the Sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays. Ozone (O₃) absorbs most of the high-energy UV radiation, preventing it from reaching the Earth’s surface, where it could cause skin cancer, cataracts, and damage to plants and marine ecosystems. This protective layer is mainly found between 10 to 50 km above the Earth’s surface. Other options (for context) Oxygen: Essential for respiration but does not block UV rays. Carbon dioxide: A greenhouse gas responsible for trapping heat, not UV protection. Nitrogen: Makes up most of the atmosphere but plays no role in UV absorption.

ID: REF-0589 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which disease is caused by Nickel ?

A. A: Itai Itai

B. B: Dermatitis

C. C: Learning Disability

D. D: Asthma

KEY: Correct Option: B [ Dermatitis ] Remark:Nickel exposure commonly causes a skin disease called Dermatitis, specifically Allergic Contact Dermatitis. This condition occurs when the skin comes into direct contact with nickel-containing objects such as jewelry, coins, or belt buckles. It leads to redness, itching, and rashes, especially in sensitive individuals. Nickel allergy is one of the most common metal allergies worldwide. Other options (for context) Itai Itai: Caused by cadmium poisoning, not nickel. Learning Disability: Not directly linked to nickel exposure. Asthma: May be aggravated by pollutants, but not typically caused by nickel.

ID: REF-0590 LEVEL: A1

Q: When a moving bus suddenly stops, passengers sitting inside leans forward. This is due to

A. A: Conservation of Mass

B. B: Inertia of rest

C. C: Inertia of Motion

D. D: None of these

KEY: Correct Option: C [ Inertia of Motion ] Remark:Inertia of motion is defined as the property of a body to resist any change to its state of uniform motion.

ID: REF-0591 LEVEL: A1

Q: Which one of the following allows sound waves to travel comparatively faster at 0°C ?

A. A: Water

B. B: Air

C. C: Ice

D. D: Iron

KEY: Correct Option: D [ Iron ] Remark:Explanation: Sound waves travel fastest in solids, slower in liquids, and slowest in gases. This is because the speed of sound depends on the elasticity and density of the medium — it travels faster when particles are tightly packed and can transmit vibrations more efficiently. Among the options, iron (a solid) allows sound to travel much faster (around 5130 m/s) than in water (1500 m/s), ice (3200 m/s), or air (331 m/s at 0°C).

Subject Mastery /Science